Microcystin-LR and its health impacts: chemistry, transmission routes, mechanisms of toxicity and target organs DOI Creative Commons

Roshni Rajpoot,

Sandeep Rajput, Raj Kumar Koiri

et al.

Toxicology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 101996 - 101996

Published: March 11, 2025

Microcystin-LR, a hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, poses significant health risks to humans and other animals through various routes of exposure. This review comprehensively explores the chemistry, transmission pathways, mechanisms toxicity, target organs affected MC-LR provide detailed understanding its impacts on humans. exposure occurs different routes, including ingesting contaminated water food, algal dietary supplements, direct body contact with harmful blooms, inhalation aerosolized toxins. In this review, we explored that toxic effects are mediated multiple complex mechanisms. A key mechanism toxicity is inhibition protein phosphatases PP1 PP2A which results in abnormal cellular signalling pathways. Additionally, induces oxidative stress disrupts homeostasis. The findings suggest modulates activity antioxidant enzymes also activates apoptosis pathways It cytoskeletal disruption, ultimately compromising integrity function. activation oncogenes such as Gankyrin, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, RAC1/JNK NEK2 pathway upregulates inflammatory molecules NF-κβ, TNF-α, hence leading carcinogenesis. has toxicological organs. liver primary target, where accumulates causes hepatotoxicity, but well. shows neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity reproductive toxicity.

Language: Английский

A simple and low-cost disposable biosensor to determine microcystin-LR in urban natural waters DOI
Jocimara Camargo da Silva, Wyllerson Evaristo Gomes, Augusto Etchegaray

et al.

Urban Water Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Microcystin-LR and its health impacts: chemistry, transmission routes, mechanisms of toxicity and target organs DOI Creative Commons

Roshni Rajpoot,

Sandeep Rajput, Raj Kumar Koiri

et al.

Toxicology Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 101996 - 101996

Published: March 11, 2025

Microcystin-LR, a hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria, poses significant health risks to humans and other animals through various routes of exposure. This review comprehensively explores the chemistry, transmission pathways, mechanisms toxicity, target organs affected MC-LR provide detailed understanding its impacts on humans. exposure occurs different routes, including ingesting contaminated water food, algal dietary supplements, direct body contact with harmful blooms, inhalation aerosolized toxins. In this review, we explored that toxic effects are mediated multiple complex mechanisms. A key mechanism toxicity is inhibition protein phosphatases PP1 PP2A which results in abnormal cellular signalling pathways. Additionally, induces oxidative stress disrupts homeostasis. The findings suggest modulates activity antioxidant enzymes also activates apoptosis pathways It cytoskeletal disruption, ultimately compromising integrity function. activation oncogenes such as Gankyrin, PI3K/AKT, HIF-1α, RAC1/JNK NEK2 pathway upregulates inflammatory molecules NF-κβ, TNF-α, hence leading carcinogenesis. has toxicological organs. liver primary target, where accumulates causes hepatotoxicity, but well. shows neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity reproductive toxicity.

Language: Английский

Citations

0