Root exudate metabolites drive plant-soil feedbacks on growth and defense by shaping the rhizosphere microbiota

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 10, 2018

Abstract By changing soil properties, plants can modify their growth environment. Although the microbiota is known to play a key role in resulting plant-soil feedbacks, proximal mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unknown. We found that benzoxazinoids, class of defensive secondary metabolites are released by roots cereals such as wheat and maize, alter root-associated fungal bacterial communities, decrease plant growth, increase jasmonate signaling defenses, suppress herbivore performance next generation. Complementation experiments demonstrate benzoxazinoid breakdown product 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA), which accumulates during conditioning phase, both sufficient necessary trigger observed phenotypic changes. Sterilization, profiling complementation reveal MBOA acts indirectly altering microbiota. Our results mechanism determine composition rhizosphere microbiota, plant-herbivore interactions

Language: Английский

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Agricultural intensification reduces microbial network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in roots

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1722 - 1736

Published: March 8, 2019

Root-associated microbes play a key role in plant performance and productivity, making them important players agroecosystems. So far, very few studies have assessed the impact of different farming systems on root microbiota it is still unclear whether agricultural intensification influences structure complexity microbial communities. We investigated conventional, no-till, organic wheat fungal communities using PacBio SMRT sequencing samples collected from 60 farmlands Switzerland. Organic harbored much more complex network with significantly higher connectivity than conventional no-till systems. The abundance keystone taxa was highest under where lowest. also found strong negative association (R2 = 0.366; P < 0.0001) between connectivity. occurrence best explained by soil phosphorus levels, bulk density, pH, mycorrhizal colonization. majority are known to form arbuscular associations plants belong orders Glomerales, Paraglomerales, Diversisporales. Supporting this, fungi roots soils farming. To our knowledge, this first study report for agroecosystems, we demonstrate that reduces microbiome.

Language: Английский

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Root Exudation of Primary Metabolites: Mechanisms and Their Roles in Plant Responses to Environmental Stimuli

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Feb. 21, 2019

Root exudation is an important process determining plant interactions with the soil environment. Many studies have linked this to nutrient mobilization. Yet, it remains unresolved how controlled and exactly under what circumstances plants benefit from exudation. The majority of root exudates include primary metabolites (sugars, amino acids organic acids) believed be passively lost used by rhizosphere-dwelling microbes. In review, we synthetize recent advances in ecology biology explain propose mechanisms which controlled, role their plays acquisition strategies. Specifically, a novel conceptual framework for exudates. This built upon two main concepts: (i) driven diffusion, microbes both modulating concentration gradients therefore diffusion rates depending on nutritional status; (ii) exuded metabolite concentrations can sensed at tip signals are translated modify architecture. flux through mostly located tip, where lack cell differentiation favors soil. We show examples senses changes translate that into growth. Plants either controlling source/sink processes or expressing regulating efflux carriers, challenging idea as purely unregulated passive process. Through exudate flux, locally enhance many common serve sensors integrators status availability surrounding Plant-associated micro-organisms also constitute strong sink carbon thereby increasing affecting Understanding of, effects that, environmental stimuli magnitude type will ultimately improve our knowledge CO2 emissions, ecosystem functioning sustainability agricultural production.

Language: Английский

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Host selection shapes crop microbiome assembly and network complexity

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(2), P. 1091 - 1104

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Plant microbiomes are essential to host health and productivity but the ecological processes that govern crop microbiome assembly not fully known. Here we examined bacterial communities across 684 samples from soils (rhizosphere bulk soil) multiple compartment niches (rhizoplane, root endosphere, phylloplane, leaf endosphere) in maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum)/barley (Hordeum vulgare) rotation system under different fertilization practices at two contrasting sites. Our results demonstrate along soil-plant continuum is shaped predominantly by niche species rather than site or practice. From epiphytes endophytes, selection pressure sequentially increased diversity network complexity consequently reduced, with strongest effect endosphere. Source tracking indicates mainly derived gradually enriched filtered plant niches. Moreover, were dominated a few dominant taxa (c. 0.5% of phylotypes), bacilli identified as important biomarker for wheat barley Methylobacteriaceae maize. work provides comprehensive empirical evidence on selection, potential sources enrichment assembly, has implications future management manipulation sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Root exudates drive the soil-borne legacy of aboveground pathogen infection

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Plants are capable of building up beneficial rhizosphere communities as is evidenced by disease-suppressive soils. However, it not known how and why soil bacterial impacted plant exposure to foliar pathogens if such responses might improve performance in the presence pathogen. Here, we conditioned growing multiple generations (five) Arabidopsis thaliana inoculated aboveground with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) same soil. We then examined a subsequent generation (sixth) grown pathogen-conditioned versus control-conditioned Moreover, assessed role altered root exudation profiles shaping microbiome infected plants.Plants showed increased levels jasmonic acid improved disease resistance. Illumina Miseq 16S rRNA gene tag sequencing revealed that both bulk were Pst infection. Infected plants exhibited significantly higher amino acids, nucleotides, long-chain organic acids (LCOAs) (C > 6) lower for sugars, alcohols, short-chain (SCOAs) ≤ 6). Interestingly, addition exogenous LCOA also elicited response.Collectively, our data suggest can recruit via modification patterns response benefit generations.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of the Root Microbiome by Plant Molecules: The Basis for Targeted Disease Suppression and Plant Growth Promotion

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 24, 2020

Plants host a mesmerizing diversity of microbes inside and around their roots, known as the microbiome. The microbiome is composed mostly fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, archaea that can be either pathogenic or beneficial for plant health fitness. To grow healthy, plants need to surveil soil niches roots detection microbes, in parallel maximize services nutrients uptake growth promotion. employ palette mechanisms modulate including structural modifications, exudation secondary metabolites coordinated action different defence responses. Here, we review current understanding on composition activity root how molecules shape structure root-associated microbial communities. Examples are given interactions occur rhizosphere between soilborne fungi. We also present some well-established examples harnessing highlight fitness by selecting Understanding manipulate aid design next-generation inoculants targeted disease suppression enhanced growth.

Language: Английский

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Linking Plant Secondary Metabolites and Plant Microbiomes: A Review

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 2, 2021

Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) play many roles including defense against pathogens, pests, and herbivores; response to environmental stresses, mediating organismal interactions. Similarly, plant microbiomes participate in of the above-mentioned processes directly or indirectly by regulating metabolism. Studies have shown that plants can influence their microbiome secreting various and, turn, may also impact metabolome host plant. However, not much is known about communications between interacting partners phenotypic changes. In this article, we review patterns potential underlying mechanisms interactions PSMs microbiomes. We describe recent developments analytical approaches methods field. The applications these new increased our understanding relationships Though current studies primarily focused on model organisms, results obtained so far should help future agriculturally important facilitate development manipulate PSMs–microbiome with predictive outcomes for sustainable crop productions.

Language: Английский

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The Soil-Borne Legacy

Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 172(6), P. 1178 - 1180

Published: March 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Rhizosphere microbiome mediates systemic root metabolite exudation by root-to-root signaling

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(7), P. 3874 - 3883

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Microbial communities associated with roots confer specific functions to their hosts, thereby modulating plant growth, health, and productivity. Yet, seminal questions remain largely unaddressed including whether how the rhizosphere microbiome modulates root metabolism exudation and, consequently, plants fine tune this complex belowground web of interactions. Here we show that, through a process termed systemically induced metabolites (SIREM), different microbial induce systemic changes in tomato exudation. For instance, acylsugars secondary is triggered by local colonization bacteria affiliated genus Bacillus Moreover, both leaf metabolomes transcriptomes change according community structure. Analysis metabolome points glycosylated azelaic acid as potential microbiome-induced signaling molecule that subsequently exuded free acid. Our results demonstrate assembly drives SIREM at molecular chemical levels. It highlights thus-far unexplored long-distance phenomenon may regulate soil conditioning.

Language: Английский

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Plant root exudation under drought: implications for ecosystem functioning

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 225(5), P. 1899 - 1905

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Root exudates are a pathway for plant-microbial communication and play key role in ecosystem response to environmental change. Here, we collate recent evidence that shows plants of different growth strategies differ their root exudation, can select beneficial soil microbial communities, drought affects the quantity quality exudation. We use this argue central involvement plant propose framework understanding how influence form function during after drought. Specifically, fast-growing modify recruit microbes facilitate regrowth drought, with cascading impacts on abundance functioning. identify outstanding questions methodological challenges need be addressed advance solidify our comprehension importance

Language: Английский

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