The pyrenoid: the eukaryotic CO2-concentrating organelle

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 3236 - 3259

Published: June 4, 2023

The pyrenoid is a phase-separated organelle that enhances photosynthetic carbon assimilation in most eukaryotic algae and the land plant hornwort lineage. Pyrenoids mediate approximately one-third of global CO2 fixation, engineering into C3 crops predicted to boost uptake increase yields. enhance activity CO2-fixing enzyme Rubisco by supplying it with concentrated CO2. All pyrenoids have dense matrix associated thylakoid membranes are thought supply Many also surrounded polysaccharide structures may slow leakage. Phylogenetic analysis morphological diversity support convergent evolutionary origin for pyrenoids. Most molecular understanding comes from model green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). exhibits multiple liquid-like behaviors, including internal mixing, division fission, dissolution condensation response environmental cues during cell cycle. Pyrenoid assembly function induced availability light, although transcriptional regulators been identified, posttranslational regulation remains be characterized. Here, we summarize current knowledge function, structure, components, dynamic extrapolate other species.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomic insights into the first multicellular streptophyte

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 670 - 681.e7

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Streptophytes are best known as the clade containing teeming diversity of embryophytes (land plants).1Wickett N.J. Mirarab S. Nguyen N. Warnow T. Carpenter E. Matasci Ayyampalayam Barker M.S. Burleigh J.G. Gitzendanner M.A. et al.Phylotranscriptomic analysis origin and early diversification land plants.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2014; 111: E4859-E4868Crossref PubMed Scopus (883) Google Scholar,2One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes InitiativeOne thousand plant transcriptomes phylogenomics green plants.Nature. 2019; 574: 679-685Crossref (856) Scholar,3Donoghue P.C.J. Harrison C.J. Paps J. Schneider H. The evolutionary emergence plants.Curr. Biol. 2021; 31: R1281-R1298Abstract Full Text PDF (0) Scholar,4Puttick M.N. Morris J.L. Williams T.A. Cox Edwards D. Kenrick P. Pressel Wellman C.H. Pisani Donoghue interrelationships plants nature ancestral embryophyte.Curr. 2018; 28: 733-745.e2Abstract (288) Scholar Next to however a range freshwater terrestrial algae that bear important information on key traits plants. Among these, Klebsormidiophyceae stand out. Thriving in diverse environments—from mundane (ubiquitous occurrence tree barks rocks) extreme (from Atacama Desert Antarctic)—Klebsormidiophyceae can exhibit filamentous body plans display remarkable resilience colonizers habitats.5Karsten U. Holzinger A. Light, temperature, desiccation effects photosynthetic activity, drought-induced ultrastructural changes alga Klebsormidium dissectum (Streptophyta) from high alpine soil crust.Microb. Ecol. 2012; 63: 51-63Crossref (97) Scholar,6Holzinger Lütz C. Karsten Desiccation stress causes structural alterations aeroterrestrial crenulatum (Klebsormidiophyceae, Streptophyta) isolated an Alpine crust.J. Phycol. 2011; 47: 591-602Crossref (71) Currently, lack robust phylogenetic framework for hampers our understanding history these traits. Here, we conducted phylogenomic utilizing advanced models counteract systematic biases. We sequenced 24 new combined them with 14 previously published genomic transcriptomic datasets. Using built 845 loci sophisticated mixture models, establish framework, dividing six distinct genera novel three-order system, deep divergence more than 830 million years ago. Our reconstructions states suggest (1) multiple transitions between terrestrial-aquatic habitats, stem Klebsormidiales having conquered earlier embryophytes, (2) plan last common ancestor was multicellular, probability it whereas sarcinoids unicells likely derived states. provide evidence first multicellular streptophytes lived about billion

Language: Английский

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Plant evolution: Streptophyte multicellularity, ecology, and the acclimatisation of plants to life on land

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. R86 - R89

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cryogenian Origins of Multicellularity in Archaeplastida

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Earth was impacted by global glaciations during the Cryogenian (720 to 635 million years ago; Ma), events invoked explain both origins of multicellularity in Archaeplastida and radiation first land plants. However, temporal relationship between these environmental biological is poorly established, due a paucity molecular fossil data, precluding resolution phylogeny timescale archaeplastid evolution. We infer time-calibrated early evolution based on revised dataset reappraisal record. Phylogenetic topology testing resolves deep relationships, identifying two clades Viridiplantae placing Bryopsidales as sister Chlorophyceae. Our clock analysis infers an origin late-Paleoproterozoic early-Mesoproterozoic (1712 1387 Ma). Ancestral state reconstruction cytomorphological traits this tree reveals many independent span Cryogenian, consistent with hypothesis. Multicellular rhodophytes emerged 902 655 Ma while crown-Anydrophyta (Zygnematophyceae Embryophyta) originated 796 671 Ma, broadly compatible plant terrestrialization analyses resolve timetree age estimates for ancestral multicellular archaeplastids coinciding hypotheses that propose role Snowball

Language: Английский

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Phytohormone profiling in an evolutionary framework

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 8, 2024

Abstract The genomes of charophyte green algae, close relatives land plants, typically do not show signs developmental regulation by phytohormones. However, scattered reports endogenous phytohormone production in these organisms exist. We performed a comprehensive analysis multiple phytohormones Viridiplantae, focusing mainly on charophytes. that auxin, salicylic acid, ethylene and tRNA-derived cytokinins including cis -zeatin are found ubiquitously Viridiplantae. By contrast, plants but algae contain the trans type as well auxin cytokinin conjugates. Charophytes occasionally produce jasmonates abscisic whereas latter is detected consistently plants. Several excreted into culture medium, charophytes acid Viridiplantae general. note conservation biosynthesis signaling pathways known from angiosperms does match capacity for Our phylogenetically guided established algal cultures provides an important insight metabolism across Streptophyta.

Language: Английский

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Land plant peptide signaling: What we know—and don't know—about its evolution

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The availability of genome sequences from diverse algal and plant taxa combined with the refinement comparative genomics tools has begun to reveal how land genomes were shaped through duplication, repeat expansion, gene family gains losses. Of particular note is a large increase in complexity variety signaling systems plants. Among these, small peptide ligand‐receptor interactions been considered one major innovations during evolution. First discovered angiosperms as mediators various cell‐to‐cell communication processes, studies have expanded non‐angiosperms, including bryophytes. Recent point both common unique roles for distantly related species, raising interesting questions about evolved diversified. While origin remains elusive, progress sequencing offers clues understanding evolution receptors. This article discusses recent peptide‐mediated highlights current gaps our knowledge new avenues research, which could help us address contributed terrestrialization.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of the iodine cycle and the late stabilization of the Earth’s ozone layer

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(2)

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

The origin of complex life and the evolution terrestrial ecosystems are fundamental aspects natural history on Earth. Here, we present evidence for a protracted stabilization Earth's ozone layer. destruction atmospheric today is inherently linked to cycling marine iodine. Supported by multiple independent lines geological examined through an iodine mass balance model, find that elevated iodide content prevailed most history. Since rise oxygen ~2.4 billion years ago, high concentrations would have led significant inorganic emissions atmosphere, facilitating catalytic resulting in instability with periodic or persistently lower levels. At global scale, unstable low levels likely persisted about two until early Phanerozoic, roughly 0.5 ago. delayed layer holds implications tempo direction life, particular land.

Language: Английский

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Analyzing Mushroom Structural Patterns of a Highly Compressible and Expandable Hemostatic Foam for Gastric Perforation Repair

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(21)

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract Nature presents the most beautiful patterns through evolving. Here, a layered porous pattern in golden ratio (0.618) is reported from type of mushroom ‐ Dictyophora Rubrovalvata stipe (DRS). The hierarchical structure shows mathematical correlation with ratio. This unique leads to superior mechanical properties. gradient outside innermost endows it asymmetrical hydrophilicity. A model then developed predict and apply 3D printed structures. explored repair gastric perforation because stomach continuous peristaltic organ, perforated site subject repeated movements pressure changes. At present, endoscopic clipping ineffective treating ulcerative fragile surrounding tissues. Although implant occlusion provides new direction for treatment ulcers, but metal or plastic occluder needs be removed, requiring second intervention. Decellularized DRS (DDRS) found asymmetric water absorption rate, super‐compressive elasticity, shape memory, biocompatibility, making suitable perforation. efficacy blocking promoting healing confirmed by observation tissue analysis during 2‐month study.

Language: Английский

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Victim of changes? Marine macroalgae in a changing world

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 133(1), P. 1 - 16

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract Background Marine macroalgae (‘seaweeds’) are a diverse and globally distributed group of photosynthetic organisms that together generate considerable primary productivity, provide an array different habitats for other organisms, contribute many important ecosystem functions services. As result continued anthropogenic stress on marine systems, macroalgal species face uncertain future, risking their vital contribution to global productivity service provision. Scope After briefly considering the remarkable taxonomy ecological distribution macroalgae, we review how threats posed by combination anthropogenically induced stressors affect seaweed communities. From there highlight five critical avenues further research explore (long-term monitoring, use functional traits, focus early ontogeny, biotic interactions impact litter coastal vegetation). Conclusions Although parallels with terrestrial vascular plant responses stressors, note impacts some (e.g. habitat loss) much less keenly felt in oceans than land. Nevertheless, common communities, climate change will inevitably be most pernicious threat future persistence species, communities While understanding simultaneous environmental is complex exercise, our attempt synergies priorities elucidate trends mechanisms response, may yet offer small this goal.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of plant metabolism: the state-of-the-art

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1914)

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

Immense chemical diversity is one of the hallmark features plants. This chemo-diversity mainly underpinned by a highly complex and biodiverse biochemical machinery. Plant metabolic enzymes originated were inherited from their eukaryotic prokaryotic ancestors further diversified unprecedentedly high rates gene duplication functionalization experienced in land Unlike microbes, which display frequent horizontal transfer events multiple inputs energy organic carbon, plants predominantly rely on carbon generated CO 2 have relatively few transfers during recent evolutionary history. As such, plant networks evolved stepwise manner using existing as starting point under various constraints. That said, until recently, evolution only handful traits had been extensively investigated metabolism has received fraction attention of, development, for example. Advances metabolomics next-generation sequencing have, however, recently led to deeper understanding how wide range primary specialized (secondary) pathways both consequence natural selection domestication crop improvement processes. article part theme issue ‘The metabolism’.

Language: Английский

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