Journal of Environmental Quality,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
45(2), P. 407 - 419
Published: March 1, 2016
Large
quantities
of
antibiotics
are
used
in
agricultural
production,
resulting
their
release
to
agroecosystems
through
numerous
pathways,
including
land
application
contaminated
manure,
runoff
from
manure-fertilized
fields,
and
wastewater
irrigation
croplands.
Antibiotics
transformation
products
(TPs)
exhibit
a
wide
range
physico-chemical
biological
properties
thus
present
substantive
analytical
challenges.
Advances
the
measurement
these
compounds
various
environmental
compartments
(plants,
soil,
sediment,
water)
have
uncovered
previously
unrealized
landscape
antibiotic
residues.
These
advanced
multiresidue
methods,
designed
measure
sub-ng
g-1
concentrations
complex
mixtures,
remain
limited
by
inherent
intricacy
sample
matrices
difficultly
eliminating
interferences
that
affect
detection.
While
efficient
extraction
methods
combined
with
high
sensitivity
analysis
liquid
chromatography/mass
spectrometry
can
provide
accurate
quantification
TPs,
measured
do
not
necessarily
reflect
bioavailable
fractions
effects
environment.
Consequently,
there
is
need
complement
chemical
assays
information
on
bioavailability,
activity,
mixtures.
Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
(ELISA),
often
as
screening
tools
for
residues,
may
be
useful
detecting
presence
structurally
related
mixtures
but
effects.
Other
tools,
bioreporter
assays,
hold
promise
measuring
could
insights
activity.
Improved
assessment
ecological
human
health
risks
associated
requires
continued
advances
accuracy
improvements
preparation,
instrumentation,
technologies.
Core
Ideas
Analysis
agroecosystem
challenged
matrix
Bioreporters
bioavailability
antibiotics.
Identification
toxicity
needed.
Knowledge
synergistic
antagonistic
lacking.
Measured
predicted
differ
significantly.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
23(11), P. 2953 - 2953
Published: Nov. 12, 2018
Over
the
years,
significant
research
efforts
have
been
made
to
extract
bioactive
compounds
by
applying
different
methodologies
for
various
applications.
For
instance,
use
of
in
several
commercial
sectors
such
as
biomedical,
pharmaceutical,
cosmeceutical,
nutraceutical
and
chemical
industries,
has
promoted
need
most
suitable
standardized
methods
these
constituents
a
sophisticated
cost-effective
manner.
In
practice,
conventional
extraction
numerous
limitations,
e.g.,
lower
efficacy,
high
energy
cost,
low
yield,
etc.,
thus
urges
new
state-of-the-art
methodologies.
Thus,
optimization
along
with
integration
efficient
pretreatment
strategies
followed
traditional
purification
processes,
primary
goal
current
development
studies.
Among
sources,
algal
biome
found
promising
feasible
source
broader
spectrum
point-of-care
application
potentialities.
As
evident
from
literature,
bio-products
includes
biofuels,
lipids,
polyunsaturated
fatty
acids,
pigments,
enzymes,
polysaccharides,
proteins.
The
recovery
products
biomass
is
matter
constant
progress.
This
review
covers
recent
advancements
enzyme-assisted
(EAE),
supercritical-fluid
(SFE),
microwave-assisted
(MAE)
pressurized-liquid
(PLF)
their
working
mechanism
extracting
algal-based
sources
meet
bio-economy
challenges
opportunities.
A
particular
focus
given
design
characteristics,
performance
evaluation,
applications
microalgae.
previous
studies
on
anticancer,
antibacterial,
antiviral
potentialities
also
discussed
reference
underlying
effects
active
related
pathways.
Towards
end,
information
possible
gaps,
future
perspectives
concluding
remarks.
Separation Science and Technology,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
53(14), P. 2206 - 2223
Published: April 4, 2018
This
review
summarizes
the
information
on
health-promoting
effects
of
phytosterols
and
techniques
for
their
extraction.
The
extraction
analysis
processes
are
complex
have
not
been
fully
established.
Phytosterols
significant
roles
in
areas
foods,
nutrition,
pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics.
Free
extracted
from
plant
sources
widely
used
fortified
foods
dietary
supplements.
Most
matrices
using
organic
solvents
which
health
environmental
hazards.
However,
application
supercritical
fluid
has
offered
a
promising
green
technology
overcoming
limitations
conventional
