Forests,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 619 - 619
Published: March 28, 2024
Nitrogen
(N)
deposition
rates
of
terrestrial
ecosystems
have
gradually
declined
but
are
still
high
in
some
areas.
Previous
studies
reported
that
N
addition
elicits
diverse
impacts
on
soil
organic
carbon
(SOC)
pools.
SOC
can
be
divided
into
different
functional
fractions,
namely,
particulate
(POC)
and
mineral-associated
(MAOC).
The
responses
these
fractions
to
should
elucidated
better
understand
the
changes
Here,
we
conducted
a
experiment
(0,
40,
80
kg
ha−1
yr−1)
subtropical
Castanopsis
fabri
forest
simulate
deposition.
surface
(0−10
cm)
aboveground
litter
product,
fine
root
(diameter
<
2
mm)
biomass,
exchangeable
cation
content,
enzyme
activity
under
treatments
were
measured.
results
showed
following:
(1)
positive
effect
POC
contents
did
not
significantly
affect
MAOC
content;
(2)
content
was
negatively
correlated
with
pH
positively
suggesting
accumulation
influenced
by
input
microbial
decomposition;
(3)
close
negative
relationship
observed
between
Al3+
Ca2+
or
K+
contents,
indicating
there
is
likely
trade-off
mineral
sorption
desorption,
thus
resulting
an
insignificant
reaction
addition.
Overall,
short-term
found
primarily
driven
POC,
response
inconsistent.
By
incorporating
nuances
ecosystem
models,
it
possible
predict
dynamics
more
accurately
global
change.
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
377(6606), P. 603 - 608
Published: Aug. 4, 2022
Grasslands
store
approximately
one
third
of
the
global
terrestrial
carbon
stocks
and
can
act
as
an
important
soil
sink.
Recent
studies
show
that
plant
diversity
increases
organic
(SOC)
storage
by
elevating
inputs
to
belowground
biomass
promoting
microbial
necromass
contribution
SOC
storage.
Climate
change
affects
grassland
modifying
processes
catabolism
anabolism.
Improved
grazing
management
biodiversity
restoration
provide
low-cost
and/or
high-carbon-gain
options
for
natural
climate
solutions
in
grasslands.
The
achievable
sequestration
potential
grasslands
is
2.3
7.3
billion
tons
dioxide
equivalents
per
year
(CO2e
year-1)
restoration,
148
699
megatons
CO2e
year-1
improved
management,
147
sown
legumes
pasturelands.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: June 15, 2023
Much
research
focuses
on
increasing
carbon
storage
in
mineral-associated
organic
matter
(MAOM),
which
may
persist
for
centuries
to
millennia.
However,
MAOM-targeted
management
is
insufficient
because
the
formation
pathways
of
persistent
soil
are
diverse
and
vary
with
environmental
conditions.
Effective
must
also
consider
particulate
(POM).
In
many
soils,
there
potential
enlarging
POM
pools,
can
over
long
time
scales,
be
a
direct
precursor
MAOM.
We
present
framework
context-dependent
strategies
that
recognizes
soils
as
complex
systems
conditions
constrain
MAOM
formation.
Global Change Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
29(7), P. 1971 - 1983
Published: Jan. 6, 2023
Abstract
Nitrogen
(N)
availability
has
been
considered
as
a
critical
factor
for
the
cycling
and
storage
of
soil
organic
carbon
(SOC),
but
effects
N
enrichment
on
SOC
pool
appear
highly
variable.
Given
complex
nature
pool,
recent
frameworks
suggest
that
separating
this
into
different
functional
components,
example,
particulate
(POC)
mineral‐associated
(MAOC),
is
great
importance
understanding
predicting
dynamics.
Importantly,
little
known
about
how
these
N‐induced
changes
in
components
(e.g.,
ratios
among
fractions)
would
affect
functionality
given
differences
nutrient
density,
resistance
to
disturbance,
turnover
time
between
POC
MAOC
pool.
Here,
we
conducted
global
meta‐analysis
803
paired
observations
from
98
published
studies
assess
effect
addition
fractions.
We
found
addition,
average,
significantly
increased
pools
by
16.4%
3.7%,
respectively.
In
contrast,
both
were
remarkably
decreased
(4.1%
10.1%,
respectively).
Increases
positively
correlated
with
aboveground
plant
biomass
hydrolytic
enzymes.
However,
positive
responses
increases
microbial
biomass.
Our
results
although
reactive
deposition
could
facilitate
C
sequestration
some
extent,
it
might
decrease
time,
disturbance
study
provides
mechanistic
insights
its
at
scale,
which
pivotal
dynamics
especially
future
scenarios
more
frequent
severe
perturbations.
Cambridge Prisms Extinction,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Across
the
last
~50,000
years
(the
late
Quaternary)
terrestrial
vertebrate
faunas
have
experienced
severe
losses
of
large
species
(megafauna),
with
most
extinctions
occurring
in
Late
Pleistocene
and
Early
to
Middle
Holocene.
Debate
on
causes
has
been
ongoing
for
over
200
years,
intensifying
from
1960s
onward.
Here,
we
outline
criteria
that
any
causal
hypothesis
needs
account
for.
Importantly,
this
extinction
event
is
unique
relative
other
Cenozoic
66
million
years)
its
strong
size
bias.
For
example,
only
11
out
57
megaherbivores
(body
mass
≥1,000
kg)
survived
present.
In
addition
mammalian
megafauna,
certain
groups
also
substantial
extinctions,
mainly
non-mammalian
vertebrates
smaller
but
megafauna-associated
taxa.
Further,
severity
dates
varied
among
continents,
severely
affected
all
biomes,
Arctic
tropics.
We
synthesise
evidence
against
climatic
or
modern
human
(Homo
sapiens)
causation,
existing
tenable
hypotheses.
Our
review
shows
there
little
support
major
influence
climate,
neither
global
patterns
nor
fine-scale
spatiotemporal
mechanistic
evidence.
Conversely,
increasing
pressures
as
key
driver
these
emerging
an
initial
onset
linked
pre-sapiens
hominins
prior
Pleistocene.
Subsequently,
synthesize
ecosystem
consequences
megafauna
discuss
implications
conservation
restoration.
A
broad
range
indicates
elicited
profound
changes
structure
functioning.
The
late-Quaternary
thereby
represent
early,
large-scale
human-driven
environmental
transformation,
constituting
a
progenitor
Anthropocene,
where
humans
are
now
player
planetary
Finally,
conclude
restoration
via
trophic
rewilding
can
be
expected
positive
effects
biodiversity
across
Anthropocene
settings.
