Why Are Invasive Plants Successful?

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 635 - 670

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand predict the success non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, theories advanced conceptualize interactions multiple drivers context dependence invasion with aim achieving robust explanations predictive power. We review these from community-level perspective rather than biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, explore roles intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well effects biotic abiotic conditions mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) evolutionary processes. also consider fundamental influences human-induced changes at scales ranging local global triggering, promoting, sustaining invasions discuss how could alter future trajectories.

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of biological invasion hypotheses associated with the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum

Oikos, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(5)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

With the advent of Anthropocene, biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level, and number species introductions is still increasing in ever‐changing world. Despite major advances invasion science, significant debate lack clarity remain surrounding determinants success introduced species, magnitude dimensions their impact, mechanisms sustaining successful invasions. Empirical studies show divergent impacts alien populations on ecosystems contrasting effects biotic abiotic factors dynamics populations, which hinders creation a unified theory Compounding these issues plethora hypotheses that aim to explain success, can be unclear contradictory. We propose synthesis categorizes along timeline invasion. sorted timeline, considered population, community ecosystem levels. This temporal sorting concepts shows each relevant at specific stage Although empirical findings may appear contradictory, when mapped onto they combined complementary way. An overall scheme proposed summarise theoretical subjected For any given case study, this framework provides guide through maze theories should help choose appropriate according

Language: Английский

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Understanding ‘it depends’ in ecology: a guide to hypothesising, visualising and interpreting statistical interactions

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 983 - 1002

Published: March 1, 2023

ABSTRACT Ecologists routinely use statistical models to detect and explain interactions among ecological drivers, with a goal evaluate whether an effect of interest changes in sign or magnitude different contexts. Two fundamental properties are often overlooked during the process hypothesising, visualising interpreting between drivers: measurement scale – response is analysed on additive multiplicative scale, such as ratio logarithmic scale; symmetry dependencies considered both directions. Overlooking these can lead one more three inferential errors: misinterpretation ( i ) detection (Type‐D error), ii modification (Type‐S error); iii misidentification underlying processes (Type‐A error). We illustrate each errors broad range questions applied empirical simulated data sets. demonstrate how meta‐analysis, widely used approach that seeks explicitly characterise context dependence, especially prone all errors. Based insights, we propose guidelines improve hypothesis generation, testing, visualisation interpretation ecology.

Language: Английский

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Preventing and controlling nonnative species invasions to bend the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss

Environmental Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(2), P. 310 - 326

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

The Emergency Recovery Plan for freshwater biodiversity recognizes that addressing nonnative species is one of six principal actions needed to bend the curve in loss. This because introduction rates continue accelerate globally and where these develop invasive populations, they can have severe impacts on biodiversity. most effective management measure protect prevent introductions species. Should a be introduced, however, then its early detection implementation rapid reaction measures avoid it establishing dispersing. If are unsuccessful becomes invasive, control containment minimize further spread impact. Minimizing impact includes methods reduce invader abundance such as screening invaded sites strict biosecurity dispersing neighbouring basins. These benefitted from developments invasion risk assessment prioritize according their and, already ensure commensurate with assessed risk. successful still requires overcoming some challenges, including often being symptom degraded habitats rather than main driver ecological change, eradication nonspecies specific. Given multiple anthropogenic stressors freshwaters, must work other restoration strategies if deliver

Language: Английский

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Multi-decadal improvements in the ecological quality of European rivers are not consistently reflected in biodiversity metrics

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 430 - 441

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Studying interactions among anthropogenic stressors in freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review of 2396 multiple‐stressor experiments

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Understanding the interactions among anthropogenic stressors is critical for effective conservation and management of ecosystems. Freshwater scientists have invested considerable resources in conducting factorial experiments to disentangle stressor by testing their individual combined effects. However, diversity systems studied has hindered previous syntheses this body research. To overcome challenge, we used a novel machine learning framework identify relevant studies from over 235,000 publications. Our synthesis resulted new dataset 2396 multiple‐stressor freshwater systems. By summarizing methods these studies, quantifying trends popularity investigated stressors, performing co‐occurrence analysis, produce most comprehensive overview diverse field research date. We provide both taxonomy grouping 909 into 31 classes an open‐source interactive version ( https://jamesaorr.shinyapps.io/freshwater‐multiple‐stressors/ ). Inspired our results, help clarify whether statistical detected align with interest, outline general guidelines design any system. conclude highlighting directions required better understand ecosystems facing multiple stressors.

Language: Английский

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Photosynthesis, water‐use and nitrogen relate to both plant height and leaf structure in 60 species from the Mediterranean

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Abstract Within individuals and/or species of trees, the structure and gas exchange sun‐exposed leaves from outer part canopy have been found to relate sampling height. Across species, such has shown their biochemical composition, but not Why are leaf traits related height within tree across a broader range species? And what components involved in leaf‐level carbon, water nitrogen economies? Plant height, mass per area (LMA) its underlying components, exchange, carbon isotopic discrimination were assessed for 60 different life growth forms growing Mediterranean, spanning wide LMA values. Contrary previous comparisons our study shows that tall plants had high LMA, dry matter content (LDMC) slightly thicker; stomatal conductance photosynthetic rate low, while intrinsic water‐use efficiency ( i WUE) was high. all variables as well nitrogen. These effects mostly mediated through LDMC, with limited thickness. conclusions hardly modified when phylogeny account for. varying forms, functioning relates both plant structure. results provide generalization trees at intra‐individual intraspecific levels. Inconsistencies among studies respect likely an issue context‐dependency, which should be explicitly taken into better understanding form function. Read free Plain Language Summary this article on Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Contemporary perspectives on the ecological impacts of invasive freshwater fishes

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(4), P. 752 - 764

Published: Oct. 8, 2022

Introductions of non-native freshwater fish continue to increase globally, although only a small proportion these introductions will result in an invasion. These invasive populations can cause ecological impacts the receiving ecosystem through processes including increased competition and predation pressure, genetic introgression transmission pathogens. Definitions impact emphasize that shifts strength are insufficient for characterizing alone and, instead, must be associated with quantifiable decline biological and/or diversity lead measurable loss or change functioning. Assessments should thus consider multiple effects potentially occur from where, example, common carp Cyprinus carpio combination bottom-up top-down that, entirety, lake stable states decreased species richness abundances biotic communities. Such far-reaching also align contemporary definitions collapse, given they involve substantial persistent declines biodiversity functions cannot recovered unaided. Thus, while not all introduced fishes become invasive, those do develop impacts, where some on functioning might sufficiently harmful considered as contributing collapse.

Language: Английский

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Marine heatwaves are not a dominant driver of change in demersal fishes

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7978), P. 324 - 329

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Can ecological niche models be used to accurately predict the distribution of invasive insects? A case study of Hyphantria cunea in China

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract In recent decades, ecological niche models (ENMs) have been widely used to predict suitable habitats for species. However, invasive organisms, the prediction accuracy is unclear. this study, we employed most maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and ensemble (EM) Biomod2 verified practical effectiveness of ENM in predicting distribution areas insects based on true occurrence Hyphantria cunea China. The results showed that when only limited data were used, two ENMs could not effectively H. , although use global can greatly improve ENMs. When analyzing same data, Biomod2's was significantly better than MaxEnt. For long‐term predictions, area habitat predicted by much greater area; short‐term improved. Under current conditions, China 118 × 10 4 km 2 which 59.32% moderately or highly habitat. Future climate change increase China, all scenarios exceeded 355 accounting 36.98% total land This study demonstrates provides a reference management

Language: Английский

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