Zoonotic emergence at the animal-environment-human interface: the forgotten urban socio-ecosystems

Peer Community Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Zoonotic emergence requires spillover from animals to humans, hence animal-human interactions. A lot has been emphasized on human intrusion into wild habitats (e.g., deforestation, hunting) and the development of agricultural farming activities. However, highly human-modified urban peri-urban socio-ecosystems are also great concern due huge amounts pet, domesticated birds, rodents bats) that live in very close contact dense populations. This adds existence wet wildlife markets, parks wastelands, zoos even labs, where humans may occur. Furthermore, cities transport hubs form hotspots import/export living resources including animals, thus potentially promoting rapid wide-scale spread reservoir vectors, pathogens, as well pathogen admixture through viral recombination or bacterial plasmid exchanges. Finally, deeply modified environments organisms, reservoirs, vectors undergo strong selective pressures, opening gate evolutionary novelties, potential new infectious threats. As such, we believe should be paid more attention terms drivers zoonotic needing adapted surveillance mitigation. Accordingly, propose discuss several avenues research examples actions could tested generalized focus risks like informal settlements, markets hubs; participative programs; shift towards inter-sectoral academic courses; massive investment education community information) order operationalize effective surveillance. We advocate this would allow ones add emergence-preventive early warning usual outbreaks response strategies, significantly improving our collective ability prevent subsequent pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Brood parasitism risk drives birds to breed near humans

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(6), P. 1125 - 1129.e3

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Multiple habitat graphs: how connectivity brings forth landscape ecological processes

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Habitat connectivity is integral to current biodiversity science and conservation strategies. Originally, the concept stressed role of individual movements for landscape-scale processes. Connectivity determines whether populations can survive in sub-optimal patches (i.e., source-sink effects), complete life cycles relying on different habitat types landscape complementation), benefit from supplementary resources distributed over supplementation). Although past decades have witnessed major improvements modeling, most approaches yet consider multiplicity that a species from. Without doing so, analyses potentially fail meet one their fundamental purposes: revealing how complex lead ecological To bridge this conceptual methodological gap, we propose include multiple spatial graph models connectivity, where nodes traditionally represent single type. Multiple graphs will improve model related processes, they are impacted by land cover changes. In three case studies, use these (i) effects, (ii) supplementation, (iii) complementation urban ecosystems, agricultural landscapes, amphibian networks, respectively. We show help addressing crucial challenges (e.g., sprawl, biological control, climate change) representing more accurately dynamics populations, communities, interactions. A new version Graphab open-source software implements proposed approach, thereby extending ecologist's toolbox fostering alignment between ecology theory practice.

Language: Английский

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Complex patterns of morphological diversity across multiple populations of an urban bird species

Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(7), P. 1325 - 1337

Published: May 3, 2024

Abstract Urbanization presents a natural evolutionary experiment because selection pressures in cities can be strongly mismatched with those found species’ historic habitats. However, some species have managed to adapt and even thrive these novel conditions. When persists across multiple cities, fundamental question arises: do we see similar traits evolve environments? By testing if how phenotypes emerge urban populations, begin assess the predictability of population response anthropogenic change. Here, examine variation within populations songbird, dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We measured morphological variations juncos nonurban Southern California. investigated whether observed were due differences environmental conditions cities. Bill shape differed populations; Los Angeles Santa Barbara had shorter, deeper bills than juncos, but San Diego did not. On other hand, wing length decreased built environment, regardless population. Californian exhibit both similarities traits. Studying help us determine phenotypic responses environments.

Language: Английский

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The importance of investigating the impact of simultaneous anthropogenic stressors: the effects of rising temperatures and anthropogenic noise on avian behaviour and cognition

Journal of Avian Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(11-12)

Published: July 16, 2024

Rising temperatures and anthropogenic noise are two of the most pervasive well researched stressors affecting avian species globally. Despite often triggering similar behavioural responses in birds, frequently co‐occurring (particularly urban areas), impact these primarily investigated isolation. Here, we discuss compare commonly effects rising on behaviour. We then outline recent findings impacts cognition which underpins many adjustments. find that both high temperatures, when isolation, behaviours such as foraging, antipredator response, interactions with conspecifics. also can lead to cognitive impairment, but occurrence magnitude impairment varies depending trait examined. Finally, limited studies have simultaneously different scenarios additive, synergistic, or antagonistic may occur. hope our review will stimulate researchers investigate simultaneous other behaviour urban‐living wild birds.

Language: Английский

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