Natural Boosting and the Immunogenicity of the XBB.1.5 Monovalent Vaccine in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Endemic Era: A Longitudinal Observational Study DOI

Hyun Ji Kang,

Hye‐Jin Kim,

Jiwon Jung

et al.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 231(2), P. 392 - 402

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Abstract Background With the transition from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic into endemicity, changes in group immunity and effect of updated XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine (MonoV) need to be investigated. Methods A multicenter cohort was followed for 3 years, investigation period classified pre-Omicron, Omicron, endemic eras. Thirteen sampling points were assessed, including pre- post-MonoV administration. Specimens as vaccinated, molecularly or serologically diagnosed breakthrough infection (BI), natural boosting (NB), waned. Results total 327 healthcare workers contributed 2645 blood samples March 2021 December 2023. The log10 anti-spike protein antibody (SAb) levels, elevated by vaccination, declined linearly pre-Omicron era, maintained during Omicron era due BIs, increased (slope = 0.02, P .02) without additional vaccination. NB cases significantly across epidemiologic incidence rate ratios 2.72 (P < .001) Omicron/pre-Omicron 3.39 endemic/Omicron. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers against circulating strains (XBB.1.5 XBB.1.9.1) previous but wild-type PRNT fold exhibited enhanced activity. MonoV 5.8-fold 6.6-fold JN.1, showing stronger enhancement subsequent epidemic than bivalent vaccine. Conclusions Group COVID-19 SAb levels adjusted neutralizing activities through BI NB. activity strain robust JN.1 strain.

Language: Английский

Overcoming the age-dependent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response through hybrid immunity: analysis of humoral and cellular immunity with mass cytometry profiling DOI Creative Commons
Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu, Sehee Park, Kyoung Hwa Lee

et al.

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract Background Age-dependent immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations and breakthrough infections (BIs) in young middle-aged individuals are unclear. Methods This nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study analyzed participants of the ChAdOx1 (ChAd)-ChAd-mRNA vaccine group using cytometry by time-of-flight, anti-spike protein antibody (Sab) anti-nucleocapsid (Nab) titers, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays at various time points. Results We evaluated 347 with an average age 38.9 ± 9.4 years (range: 21–63). There was a significant inverse correlation between Sab levels after second dose (slope − 14.96, P = 0.032), this more pronounced third 208.9, < 0.001). After BIs, older showed significantly higher titers 398.8, 0.001), reversing age-related decline observed post-vaccination. reversal also PRNTs against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 BA.5 variants. IFN-γ increased markedly Bis, but weak positive age, without statistical significance. Immune cell profiling revealed age-dependent decrease proportions B-cell lineage cells. The naive CD4 + CD8 T cells were inversely correlated whereas mature subsets memory function, including T, EM , EMRA FH cells, age. Conclusions waning serologic response COVID-19 vaccines occurred even individuals, reversed BIs. preserved, compensating for populations, increase populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Natural Boosting and the Immunogenicity of the XBB.1.5 Monovalent Vaccine in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Endemic Era: A Longitudinal Observational Study DOI

Hyun Ji Kang,

Hye‐Jin Kim,

Jiwon Jung

et al.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 231(2), P. 392 - 402

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

Abstract Background With the transition from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic into endemicity, changes in group immunity and effect of updated XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine (MonoV) need to be investigated. Methods A multicenter cohort was followed for 3 years, investigation period classified pre-Omicron, Omicron, endemic eras. Thirteen sampling points were assessed, including pre- post-MonoV administration. Specimens as vaccinated, molecularly or serologically diagnosed breakthrough infection (BI), natural boosting (NB), waned. Results total 327 healthcare workers contributed 2645 blood samples March 2021 December 2023. The log10 anti-spike protein antibody (SAb) levels, elevated by vaccination, declined linearly pre-Omicron era, maintained during Omicron era due BIs, increased (slope = 0.02, P .02) without additional vaccination. NB cases significantly across epidemiologic incidence rate ratios 2.72 (P &lt; .001) Omicron/pre-Omicron 3.39 endemic/Omicron. Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers against circulating strains (XBB.1.5 XBB.1.9.1) previous but wild-type PRNT fold exhibited enhanced activity. MonoV 5.8-fold 6.6-fold JN.1, showing stronger enhancement subsequent epidemic than bivalent vaccine. Conclusions Group COVID-19 SAb levels adjusted neutralizing activities through BI NB. activity strain robust JN.1 strain.

Language: Английский

Citations

0