From
the
perspectives
of
energy,
environment,
and
resource
management,
recovering
spent
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
is
crucial
to
achieving
sustainable
energy
utilization
fostering
development
a
green
economy.
This
paper
introduces
closed-loop
recovery
process
for
LIBs,
based
on
lithium
priority
extraction
strategy.
With
NaCl
as
an
assisted
molten
salt,
optimization
selective
Li
leaching
has
resulted
in
remarkable
efficiency
99.24%
guaranteed
that
rates
other
metals
remain
below
13%,
which
effectively
prioritizes
extraction.
Subsequently,
without
additional
reductants,
use
dilute
sulfuric
acid
alone
facilitates
over
97%
Ni,
Co,
Mn,
Li.
Furthermore,
CO2
employed
convert
99%
Li+
into
carbonate,
eliminating
need
precipitants.
The
direct
mixed
metal
sulfides
from
leachate
simplifies
subsequent
purification
processes.
Recovering
powder
residues
regenerate
graphite
reduces
wastage
residual
metals.
These
measures
enable
comprehensive
all
substances
within
process,
allowing
their
reuse
or
reduction
roasting.
approach
maximizes
added
value
recovered
materials
accomplishes
fully
enhancing
its
potential
industrial
applications.
Compared
existing
methods
reported
literature,
this
offers
more
environmentally
friendly
system
higher
profits.
Frontiers in Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 30, 2024
Rational
reusing
the
waste
materials
in
spent
batteries
play
a
key
role
sustainable
development
for
future
lithium-ion
batteries.
In
this
work,
we
propose
an
effective
and
facile
solid-state-calcination
strategy
recycling
regeneration
of
cathode
LiNi
0.5
Co
0.2
Mn
0.3
O
2
(NCM523)
ternary
By
systemic
physicochemical
characterizations,
stoichiometry,
phase
purity
elemental
composition
regenerated
material
were
deeply
investigated.
The
electrochemical
tests
confirm
that
characteristics
performances
got
recovered
after
process.
optimal
was
proved
to
exhibit
excellent
capacity
with
discharge
147.9
mAh
g
−1
at
1
C
outstanding
retention
86%
500
cycles
C,
which
comparable
those
commercial
NCM
materials.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: July 19, 2024
Abstract
The
demand
for
lithium-ion
batteries
(LiBs)
is
rising,
resulting
in
a
growing
need
to
recycle
the
critical
raw
materials
(CRMs)
which
they
contain.
Typically,
all
spent
LiBs
from
consumer
electronics
end
up
single
waste
stream
that
processed
produce
black
mass
(BM)
further
recovery.
It
desired
design
recycling
process
can
deal
with
mixture
of
LiBs.
Hence,
this
study
investigates
structure
and
composition
battery
modules
common
appliances
such
as
laptops,
power
banks,
smart
watches,
wireless
earphones
mobile
phones.
cells
module
were
disassembled
into
cell
casing,
cathode,
anode
separator.
Then,
cathode
active
(CAMs)
characterized
detail
XRD-,
SEM-,
EDX-
ICP-OES-analysis.
No
direct
link
was
found
between
chemistry
(NMC,
LCO,
LMO,
LFP
etc.)
application.
Various
BM
samples
submitted
leaching
procedure
(2
M
H
2
SO
4
,
50
°C,
h,
60
g
BM/L)
varying
concentration
(0–4
vol%)
O
influence
their
chemical
on
dissolution
Li,
Ni,
Mn
Co.
Only
part
BMs
dissolved
completely
at
vol%
attributed
oxidation
state
transition
metals
(TMs).
Exact
determination
consumption
by
redox
titration
confirmed
hypothesis.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Direct
regeneration,
representing
the
most
advanced
technique,
is
capable
of
healing
spent
cathodes
under
nondestructive
condition.
This
review
aims
at
pushing
forward
technical
progress
direct
regeneration
for
LiNi
x
Co
y
Mn
z
O
2
cathodes.
