Introduction:
Tire
and
road
wear
particles
are
one
of
the
most
abundant
types
microplastic
entering
environment.
The
toxicity
tire
has
been
linked
to
their
organic
additives
associated
transformation
products.
particles,
tire-derived
compounds
introduced
agricultural
environment
via
atmospheric
deposition,
irrigation
with
reclaimed
wastewater,
use
biosolids
(treated
sewage
sludge)
as
fertilizer.
In
environment,
these
could
be
taken
up
by
edible
plants,
leading
human
exposure.
Methods:
Sixteen
were
measured
in
twenty-eight
commercial
leafy
vegetable
samples
from
four
countries.
Based
on
results,
estimated
daily
intake
was
calculated
due
consumption
based
local
diets
under
a
mean
maximum
concentration
scenario.
Results:
vegetables,
six
detected:
benzothiazole
(maximum
–
238
ng/g
dry
weight),
2-hydroxybenzothiazole
665
DPG
2.1
6PPD
0.4
IPPD
0.1
CPPD
0.3
weight).
At
least
compound
present
71%
analyzed.
for
ranged
0.05
ng/person/day
scenario
4.0
scenario;
12
1296
ng/person/day;
0.06
2.6
0.04
1.1
ng/person/day.
Discussion:
Statistical
analyses
did
not
reveal
correlation
between
known
growth
conditions
concentrations
samples.
generally
lower
than
or
comparable
other
sources.
However,
we
show
that
foodstuff,
exposure
might
higher
produce.
Future
studies
needed
uncover
pathways
food,
assess
products,
investigate
biological
effects
this
npj Science of Food,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: June 19, 2024
Abstract
The
transition
from
linear
production
towards
a
circular
agro-food
system
is
an
important
step
increasing
Europe’s
sustainability.
This
requires
re-designing
the
food
systems,
which
inevitably
comes
with
challenges
as
regards
controlling
safety
of
our
food,
animals
and
ecosystem.
Where
in
current
systems
many
hazards
are
understood
well-managed,
it
anticipated
that
known
may
re-emerge
new
will
appear
or
accumulate,
leading
to
-and
less
understood-
risks.
In
this
perspective
paper,
we
present
simple,
yet
effective
approach,
identify
knowledge
gaps
regard
system.
An
approach
five
questions
proposed,
derived
management
approaches
like
HACCP.
Applying
two
cases
shows
risk
assessment
should
emphasize
more
on
exposure
unexpected
(with
its
nature
origin)
hazards,
might
circulate
accumulate
Five
became
apparent:
there’s
need
for
(1)
focus
unknown
mixtures
(2)
data
occurrence
by-products,
(3)
better
understanding
fate
system,
(4)
development
models
adequately
perform
assessments
broad
range
(5)
ways
valorization
co-products
safe-by-design
be
adopted.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
900, P. 165735 - 165735
Published: July 25, 2023
The
use
of
reclaimed
water
for
irrigation
is
an
option
that
becoming
increasingly
widespread
to
alleviate
scarcity
and
cope
with
drought.
However,
water,
if
used
irrigation,
may
introduce
Contaminants
Emerging
Concern
(CECs)
into
the
agroecosystems,
which
be
taken
up
by
crops
subsequently
enter
food
chain.
number
CECs
steadily
increasing
due
their
continuous
introduction
on
market
different
uses.
There
urgent
need
draw
a
short
list
potential
high
priority
CECs,
are
substances
could
plants
accumulated
in
produce,
and/or
have
negative
effects
human
health
environment.
This
review
presents
discusses
approaches
developed
prioritize
when
(re-)used
irrigation.
They
divided
quantitative
methodologies,
estimate
risk
environmental
compartments
(soil
water),
predators
humans
through
equations,
qualitative
instead
conceptual
frameworks
or
procedures
based
simultaneous
combination
data/information/practices
judgment
experts.
Three
antibiotics
(erythromycin,
sulfamethoxazole
ciprofloxacin),
one
estrogen
(17-α
ethinylestradiol)
analgesic
(ibuprofen)
were
found
at
least
two
lists,
although
comparison
among
studies
still
difficult.
remarks
it
advisable
harmonize
methodologies
order
identify
include
monitoring
programs
reuse
projects
ensure
level
protection
