Water,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(23), P. 3524 - 3524
Published: Dec. 7, 2024
By
2030,
the
global
deficit
in
freshwater
resources
is
projected
to
reach
40%,
direct
correlation
with
population
growth.
To
cope
this
increase
demand,
Sustainable
Development
Goals
outlined
by
United
Nations,
specifically
goal
No.
6
of
2030
agenda,
have
identified
wastewater
as
a
new
resource.
Indeed,
reuse
offers
three
primary
advantages:
(i)
Reused
can
serve
an
alternative
water
from
natural
reserves,
particularly
sensitive
geographical
areas
experiencing
stress.
(ii)
Wastewater
limits
discharge
treated
into
environment,
which
often
source
pollution,
thus
helping
preserve
ecosystems.
(iii)
also
facilitates
extraction
valuable
compounds,
such
fertilisers
and
precious
metals,
along
energy
generation.
This
review
focuses
on
various
uses
treatment
plants
(WWTPs).
The
focus
then
shifts
pesticides,
exploring
origins
these
emerging
contaminants
their
impacts
aquatic
environments.
An
in-depth
analysis
diuron
follows,
examining
its
origin,
toxicity
regulation
performance
existing
advanced
treatments
produce
safe
WWTP
effluents.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
241, P. 117661 - 117661
Published: Nov. 19, 2023
Two
advanced
oxidation
processes
(AOPs),
namely
ozone/H2O2
and
UV/H2O2,
were
tested
at
pilot
scale
as
zero-liquid-discharge
alternative
treatments
for
the
removal
of
microbiological
(bacteria
viruses),
chemical
(compounds
emerging
concern
(CECs))
genotoxic
responses
from
tertiary
municipal
wastewater
indirect
potable
reuse
(IPR).
The
AOP
treated
effluents
further
subjected
to
granular
activated
carbon
(GAC)
adsorption
UV
disinfection,
following
concept
multiple
treatment
barriers.
As
a
reference,
consolidated
train
consisting
ultrafiltration,
reverse
osmosis
(RO)
was
also
employed.
results
showed
that,
same
electrical
energy
applied,
more
effective
than
UV/H2O2
in
removing
CECs.
Specifically,
treatment,
intensified
by
high
pressure
mixing,
achieved
an
average
CECs
efficiency
higher
(66.8%
with
respect
18.4%).
subsequent
GAC
step,
applied
downstream
AOPs,
improved
whole
trains,
achieving
rates
98.5%
96.8%
treatments,
respectively.
In
contrast,
ultrafiltration
step
reference
only
percentage
22.5%,
which
increased
99%
when
used
final
step.
Microbiological
investigations
that
all
three
lines
displayed
good
performance
complete
regulated
optional
parameters
according
both
national
European
Directive
2020/2184.
Only
P.
aeruginosa
resulted
resistant
dose
applied.
addition,
E.
coli
STEC/VTEC
enteric
viruses,
found
be
completely
removed
no
activity
detected
even
after
1000-fold
concentration.
obtained
suggest
investigated
are
suitable
groundwater
recharge
water
source
being
such
procedure
IPR.
or
can
conveniently
incorporated
into
multi-barrier
scheme,
thus
avoiding
management
issues
associated
retentate
conventional
scheme
uses
osmosis.
By
including
cost
using
11–12
mg/L
H2O2
calculations,
overall
operational
(energy
plus
chemical)
required
achieve
50%
effluent
hypothetical
full-scale
plant
250
m3/h
(or
25,000
inhabitants)
0.183
€/m3
0.425
train,
Water,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(23), P. 3524 - 3524
Published: Dec. 7, 2024
By
2030,
the
global
deficit
in
freshwater
resources
is
projected
to
reach
40%,
direct
correlation
with
population
growth.
To
cope
this
increase
demand,
Sustainable
Development
Goals
outlined
by
United
Nations,
specifically
goal
No.
6
of
2030
agenda,
have
identified
wastewater
as
a
new
resource.
Indeed,
reuse
offers
three
primary
advantages:
(i)
Reused
can
serve
an
alternative
water
from
natural
reserves,
particularly
sensitive
geographical
areas
experiencing
stress.
(ii)
Wastewater
limits
discharge
treated
into
environment,
which
often
source
pollution,
thus
helping
preserve
ecosystems.
(iii)
also
facilitates
extraction
valuable
compounds,
such
fertilisers
and
precious
metals,
along
energy
generation.
This
review
focuses
on
various
uses
treatment
plants
(WWTPs).
The
focus
then
shifts
pesticides,
exploring
origins
these
emerging
contaminants
their
impacts
aquatic
environments.
An
in-depth
analysis
diuron
follows,
examining
its
origin,
toxicity
regulation
performance
existing
advanced
treatments
produce
safe
WWTP
effluents.