Wastewater
ozonation
is
commonly
employed
to
enhance
the
subsequent
biodegradation
of
effluent
organic
matter
(EfOM)
and
contaminants
concern.
However,
there
evidence
suggesting
formation
recalcitrant
products
(OPs)
from
EfOM.
To
investigate
biodegradability
OPs
we
conducted
batch
experiments
using
wastewater
ozonated
with
mass-labeled
(
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 25, 2024
Abstract
The
Gambia
River
is
a
tidal
and
tropical
river
that
covers
12%
of
the
area
to
date
not
harnessed
for
drinking
water
supply
purposes.
While
freshwater
region
mainly
used
irrigation,
groundwater
wells
are
predominantly
water.
Salinity
intrusion
wastewater
treatment
requirements
challenging
current
practices.
Previous
investigation
on
quality
indicated
upper
regions,
with
permanent
pristine
freshwater,
would
be
well
suited
after
ultrafiltration
(UF)
treatment.
At
120
km
from
mouth
coast,
where
becomes
saline,
desalination
required.
With
sea
level
rise,
this
saline
expanding
further
inland,
requiring
increasingly
energy-intensive
treatments
such
as
nanofiltration/reverse
osmosis
(NF/RO),
while
also
affecting
quality.
In
urban
near
mouth,
there
potential
reuse
increase
availability,
addressing
increasing
load
micropollutants
discharged
effluents.
UF
could
decrease
turbidity
≤0.5
NTU
partial
removal
dissolved
organic
carbon
(DOC).
During
operation
at
controlled
flux,
an
in
transmembrane
pressure
was
observed,
attributed
fouling
caused
by
high
(up
140
NTU)
samples
region.
Dense
NF/RO
membranes
removed
salinity
achieved
WHO
recommended
guideline
(<
1
g/L
TDS)
regions
salinities
up
4
during
beginning
dry
season
between
Tendaba
Jasobo
100-120
mouth.
more
open
NF
membrane
treat
below
2
100-110
Micropollutants
(MP),
total
concentration
26.3
µg/L
pesticides,
38.4
pharmaceuticals,
2.1
hormones,
were
found
plant
(WWTP)
effluent
500
m
ocean.
This
led
degradation
nearby
stream,
connected
River,
which
most
MP
concentrations
surpassing
surface
standards.
able
remove
guidelines.
appropriate
pretreatment
mitigate
fouling,
thus
reduce
energy
consumption
process
overall
cost,
technology
municipal
non-potable
purposes,
irrigation.
will
depend
selection
salinity.
findings
research
can
extended
beyond
local
context
contribute
similar
challenges
other
countries
worldwide
