
Water Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 280, P. 123521 - 123521
Published: March 20, 2025
This research explores advanced control strategies to enhance water quality in membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) systems, employing a validated modified Donnan model. Three types of artificial neural network (ANN) controllers were developed and evaluated, namely, ANN-proportional-integral-derivative, ANN-Integral, Multiple Parallel ANN-Integral (MPAI) controllers. Among these, the MPAI controller demonstrated best performance was selected for further optimization. It then compared with an offline reinforcement learning using Conservative Q-Learning (CQL) algorithm. To optimize CQL controller, various reward functions tested, including quadratic penalty, exponential Gaussian function, function ultimately its effectiveness, achieving at approximately one. Both maintained effluent concentration 17 mM, despite variations inlet fouling dynamics, absolute errors under 0.4 mM. Notably, showed highest precision, error margin approaching nearly zero controller. study underscores potential AI-driven enhancing efficiency reliability MCDI contributing advancements treatment technologies.
Language: Английский