Navigating the Landscape of B Cell Mediated Immunity and Antibody Monitoring in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Efficacy: Tools, Strategies and Clinical Trial Insights

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1089 - 1089

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Correlates of Protection (CoP) are biomarkers above a defined threshold that can replace clinical outcomes as primary endpoints, predicting vaccine effectiveness to support the approval new vaccines or follow up studies. In context COVID-19 vaccination, CoPs help address challenges such demonstrating in special populations, against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants determining durability vaccine-elicited immunity. While anti-spike IgG titres and viral neutralising capacity have been characterised for contribution other components humoral immune response immediate long-term protective immunity is less well characterised. This review examines evidence supporting use trials, how they be used define It also highlights alternative biomarkers, including Fc effector function, mucosal immunity, generation long-lived plasma memory B cells discuss these applied studies tools available study them.

Language: Английский

Third dose of BNT162b2 improves immune response in liver transplant recipients to ancestral strain but not Omicron BA.1 and XBB

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 3, 2023

Vaccine immunogenicity in transplant recipients can be impacted by the immunosuppressive (IS) regimens they receive. While BNT162b2 vaccination has been shown to induce an immune response liver (LTRs), it remains unclear how different IS may affect vaccine after a third dose LTRs, which is especially important given emergence of Omicron sublineages SARS-CoV-2. A total 95 LTRs receiving single and multiple were recruited offered three doses during study period. Blood samples collected on days 0, 90, 180 first dose. At each time point, levels anti-spike antibodies, their neutralizing activity, specific memory B T cell responses assessed. showed absence poor immunogenicity, while lower spike-specific antibodies immunological compared vaccinated healthy controls two BNT162b2. With BNT162b2, humoral, B, LTR significantly improved against ancestral strain SARS-CoV-2 comparable those seen who received only However, still antibody BA.1 XBB. beneficial boosting antibody, regimens, Wuhan due continued vulnerability presently circulating variants, antiviral treatments such as medications need considered prevent severe COVID-19 these individuals.

Language: Английский

First SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection as an effective immune booster among mRNA vaccinated individuals: final results from the first phase of the PRIBIVAC randomised clinical trial

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 105275 - 105275

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections impacts the breadth of immune responses against existing and pre-emergent strains is needed to develop an evidence-based long-term immunisation strategy.

Language: Английский