Evolution in the Genus Rhinella: A Total Evidence Phylogenetic Analysis of Neotropical True Toads (Anura: Bufonidae)

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 447(1)

Published: March 31, 2021

True toads of the genus Rhinella are among most common and diverse group Neotropical anurans. These widely distributed throughout South America, inhabiting a great diversity environments ecoregions. Currently, however, is defined solely on basis molecular characters, it lacks proper diagnosis. Although some phenetic species groups have traditionally been recognized within Rhinella, monophyly them rejected in previous phylogenetic analyses, many remain unassigned to these poorly groups. Additionally, identity taxonomy several problematic hinder specific recognition description undescribed taxa. In this work, we first perform analyses separate mitochondrial nuclear datasets test possible occurrence hybridization and/or genetic introgression genus. The comparative analysis both revealed unidirectional introgressions an unknown parental into R. horribilis ("ghost introgression") dorbignyi bernardoi; therefore, were considered separately subsequent analyses. We performed total-evidence that included revised (four five genes) phenotypic (90 characters) for 83 nominal plus multiple outgroups. Results demonstrate was nonmonophyletic due position ceratophrys, which recovered as sister taxon Rhaebo nasicus with strong support. Among our outgroups, strongly supported Anaxyrus + Incilius clade all other Rhinella. Once ceratophrys excluded, monophyletic, well supported, composed two major clades. One moderately includes former spinulosa Group (including gallardoi); monophyletic granulosa, crucifer, marina Groups; sequences horribilis. from non-monophyletic veraguensis margaritifera Groups, acrolopha Group, sternosignata. Consistent results, define eight mostly diagnosed by synapomorphies addition combination morphological character states. sternosignata only remains any group. also synonymize nine species, treat three subspecies full suggest 15 lineages represent putative species. Lastly, discuss apparently frequent hybridization, deep divergence, "ghost introgression"; incomplete evidence systems could be used future analyses); validity known fossil record source calibration points divergence dating

Language: Английский

---

Diversity, distribution and molecular species delimitation in frogs and toads from the Eastern Palaearctic

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 195(3), P. 695 - 760

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Abstract Biodiversity analyses can greatly benefit from coherent species delimitation schemes and up-to-date distribution data. In this article, we have made the daring attempt to delimit map described undescribed lineages of anuran amphibians in Eastern Palaearctic (EP) region its broad sense. Through a literature review, evaluated status considering reproductive isolation genetic divergence, combined with an extensive occurrence dataset (nearly 85k localities). Altogether 274 native 46 genera ten families were retrieved, plus eight additional introduced other realms. Independent hotspots richness concentrated southern Tibet (Medog County), circum-Sichuan Basin region, Taiwan, Korean Peninsula main Japanese islands. Phylogeographic breaks responsible for recent situ speciation events shared around Sichuan Mountains, across Honshu between Ryukyu Island groups, but not shallow water bodies like Yellow Sea Taiwan Strait. Anuran compositions suggested restrict zoogeographical limits EP East Asia. rapidly evolving field, our study provides checkpoint appreciate patterns diversity under single, spatially explicit, framework that integrates phylogeographic data taxonomic research.

Language: Английский

---

Diversity, biogeography, and reproductive evolution in the genus Pipa (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 170, P. 107442 - 107442

Published: Feb. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Skin resistance to water gain and loss has changed in cane toads (Rhinella marina) during their Australian invasion

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(23), P. 13071 - 13079

Published: Oct. 11, 2020

Abstract The water‐permeable skin of amphibians renders them highly sensitive to climatic conditions, and interspecific correlations between environmental moisture levels rates water exchange across the suggest that natural selection adapts hydroregulatory mechanisms local challenges. How quickly can such shift when a species encounters novel regimes? Cutaneous resistance loss gain in wild‐caught cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) from Brazil, USA (Hawai'i) Australia exhibited strong geographic variation. was low native‐range (Brazilian) Hawai'ian populations (where were introduced 1932) but significantly higher eastern 1935). Toads recently invaded areas western cutaneous similar populations, possibly because are restricted moist sites within this arid landscape. Rates rehydration significant less extreme variation, being native range than regions. Thus, century, invading impose different challenges have diverged capacity for hydroregulation.

Language: Английский

---

Cryptic lineages and standing genetic variation across independent cane toad introductions

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(24), P. 6440 - 6456

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Widespread introduced species can be leveraged to investigate the genetic, ecological and adaptive processes underlying rapid evolution range expansion, particularly contributions of genetic diversity adaptation. Rhinella marina, cane toad, has been a focus invasion biology for decades in Australia. However, their introduction history North America is less clear. Here, we investigated roles establishment success toads across range. We used reduced representation sequencing (ddRAD) obtain 34,000 SNPs from 247 native (French Guiana, Guyana, Ecuador, Panama, Texas) (Bermuda, southern Florida, northern Hawai'i, Puerto Rico) populations. Unlike all other toad introductions, found that Florida populations were more closely related Central American lineages (R. horribilis), than Southern marina). Furthermore, high levels population structure range, corroborating suggestions R. marina complex. also exhibit only slightly lower Together with demographic analyses, this indicates founding larger previously reported. Lastly, within one 245 putatively showed fixed differences between ranges, suggesting putative selection these based upon existing variation. Our findings highlight importance understanding biological introductions hint at role standing variation expansion.

Language: Английский

---

Phylogenomics, introgression, and demographic history of South American true toads (Rhinella)

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 978 - 992

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Abstract The effects of genetic introgression on species boundaries and how they affect species’ integrity persistence over evolutionary time have received increased attention. increasing availability genomic data has revealed contrasting patterns gene flow across regions, which impose challenges to inferences relationships admixture lineages. By characterizing variation thousands loci in a widespread complex true toads ( Rhinella ), we assess the extent thought hybridize extreme degrees based natural history observations multilocus analyses. Comprehensive geographic sampling five large‐ranged Neotropical taxa multiple distinct lineages that span large areas and, at times, biomes. inferred major clades clusters largely correspond currently recognized taxa; however, also found evidence cryptic diversity within taxa. While previous phylogenetic studies extensive mitonuclear discordance, our clustering analyses uncovered several admixed individuals groups. Accordingly, historical demographic supported these involved cross‐taxon both ancient recent times. Lastly, ABBA‐BABA tests allele sharing boundaries, pattern can be confidently attributed as opposed incomplete lineage sorting. These results confirm assertions was characterized by various levels hybridization even environmentally heterogeneous posing exciting questions about what factors prevent complete fusion diverging yet highly interdependent

Language: Английский

---

Thin-skinned invaders: geographic variation in the structure of the skin among populations of cane toads (Rhinella marina)

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 131(3), P. 611 - 621

Published: July 23, 2020

Abstract The structure of the skin may evolve rapidly during a biological invasion, for two reasons. First, novel abiotic challenges such as hydric conditions modify selection traits (such thickness) that determine rates evaporative water loss. Second, invaders might benefit from enhanced dispersal, with locomotion possibly facilitated by thinner (and hence more flexible) skin. We quantified thickness layers in cane toads (Rhinella marina) native range (Brazil), stepping-stone population (Hawaii), and invaded Australia. Overall, is Australia than range, consistent on mobility. However, regulate exchange (epidermal stratum corneum dermal ground substance layer) are thicker Australia, retarding loss hot dry conditions. Within epidermal increased colonized arid regions, but then decreased Kimberley region. That curvilinearity reflect spatial sorting, whereby mobile (thin-skinned) individuals dominate invasion front; or toads’ restriction to moist sites this landscape reduce importance water-conservation. Further work needed clarify roles adaptation versus phenotypic plasticity generating strong geographic variation among populations toads.

Language: Английский

---

Speciation with gene flow between two Neotropical sympatric species (Pitcairnia spp.: Bromeliaceae)

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: April 29, 2022

The study of mechanisms that generate new species is considered fundamental for broad areas ecology and evolution. Speciation a continuous process in which reproductive isolation established, it importance to understand the origins adaptations contribute this process. Hybrid zones are natural laboratories speciation represent ideal systems such studies. Here, we investigated genomic differentiation between hybridizing Neotropical Pitcairnia staminea (G. Lodd.) P. albiflos (Herb.). Using thousands SNPs genotyped through RAD-seq, estimate effective population sizes, interspecific gene flow, as well time divergence these two sister identify candidate regions positive selection may be related isolation. We selected different scenarios tested them by using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC); found evidence with gradual reduction flow over time, compatible hypothesis species. parameter estimates obtained ABC suggested size was around three times larger than staminea. Our date showed diverged during Pliocene (4.7 Mya; CI = 1.3-8.5 Mya), has likely allowed accumulate genome-wide differences. also detected total 17 4165 loci signatures high genetic (FST > 0.85), 12 were annotated de novo assembled transcriptomes both species, 4 genes identified putatively involved These four previously associated function pollen development, tube germination orientation, abiotic stress, flower scent plants, suggesting an interplay pre- postpollination barriers evolution

Language: Английский

---

The Parotoid Gland Secretion from Peruvian Toad Rhinella horribilis (Wiegmann, 1833): Chemical Composition and Effect on the Proliferation and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells

Toxins, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 608 - 608

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

Since Rhinella sp. toads produce bioactive substances, some species have been used in traditional medicine and magical practices by ancient cultures Peru. During several decades, the horribilis toad was confused with invasive marina, a documented extensive toxinological studies. In contrast, chemical composition biological effects of parotoid gland secretions (PGS) remain still unknown for R. horribilis. this work, we determine first time 55 compounds from PGS horribilis, which were identified using HPLC-MS/MS. The crude extract inhibited proliferation A549 cancer cells IC50 values 0.031 ± 0.007 0.015 0.001 µg/mL at 24 48 h exposure, respectively. Moreover, it clonogenic capacity, increased ROS levels, prevented etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that effect poison secretion cell cycle blocking before G2/M-phase checkpoint. Fraction B most active strongly migration. Our results indicate are composed alkaloids, bufadienolides, argininyl diacids derivatives, inhibiting migration cells.

Language: Английский

---

Comparative molecular and conventional cytogenetic analyses of three species of Rhinella (Anura; Bufonidae)

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. e0308785 - e0308785

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

The genus Rhinella corresponds to a group of anurans characterized by numerous taxonomic and systemic challenges, leading their organization into species complexes. Cytogenetic data for this thus far are limited the diploid number chromosome morphology, which remain highly conserved among species. In study, we analyse karyotypes three ( granulosa , margaritifera marina ) using both classical (conventional staining C-banding) molecular (FISH-fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA, telomeric sequences, microsatellite probes) cytogenetic approaches. aim study is provide that can reveal variations distribution repetitive sequences contribute understanding karyotypic diversification these results revealed karyotype across species, 2n = 22 FN 44, metacentric submetacentric chromosomes. C-banding heterochromatic blocks pericentromeric region all proximal block on long arms pairs 3 6 R . short 4 Additionally, rDNA probes hybridized pair 5 7 10 Telomeric sequence displayed signals exclusively distal chromosomes, while DNA showed species-specific patterns. These findings indicate despite karyotypical macrostructure, chromosomal differences exist due accumulation sequences. This variation may be attributed rearrangements or differential highlighting dynamic role evolution Ultimately, emphasizes importance DNAs elucidate evolutionary mechanisms independent distinct phylogenetic groups

Language: Английский

---