A complete and dynamic tree of birds

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 22, 2024

Abstract We present a complete, time-scaled, evolutionary tree of the world’s bird species. This unites phylogenetic estimates for 9,239 species from 262 studies published between 1990 and 2024, using Open Tree synthesis algorithm. The remaining are placed in based on curated taxonomic information. tips this complete aligned to Clements Taxonomy used by eBird other resources, cross-mapped systems including Life (Open Tree), National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Global Biodiversity Facility (GBIF). total number named varies 10,824 11,017 across taxonomy versions we applied (v2021, v2022 v2023). share trees each version. procedure, software data-stores generate public reproducible. presented here is Aves v1.2 can be easily updated with new information as published. demonstrate types large scale analyses data resource enables linking geographic phylogeny calculate regional diversity birds world. will release translation tables annually. procedure describe developing any group interest. Significance statement Birds charismatic - well loved, highly studied. Many phylogenies elucidating avian relationships every year. have united hundreds create all birds. While variety resources aggregate huge collections trait, behavior location birds, previously barriers these history limited opportunities do exciting analyses. bridged that gap, developed system allows us update our understanding evolution generated. workflow needed group.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics reveals the origin of mammal lice out of Afrotheria

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1205 - 1210

Published: July 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Phylogenomics reveals the timescale of diversification in Amblycera

Systematic Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract Recently, genomic approaches have helped to resolve phylogenetic questions in many groups of parasitic organisms, including lice (Phthiraptera). However, these still not been applied one the most diverse lice, Amblycera. To fill this gap, we phylogenomic methods based on genome‐level exon sequence data relationships within and among families Our trees support monophyly Ricinidae Laemobothriidae. Trimenoponidae Gyropidae are monophyletic, indicating that they should be merged into a single family. The placement Trinoton is unstable with respect Boopiidae Menoponidae, suggest recognizing Trinotonidae as separate At genus level, genera Colpocephalum , Hohorstiella Menacanthus Ricinus were recovered paraphyletic. Regarding generic complexes, tree revealed complex but paraphyletic, traditionally placed group. Dating analysis suggests divergence Amblycera occurred shortly after Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary 66 Mya. Cophylogenetic analyses host‐switching events during diversification Amblycera, evolutionary history does tightly mirror its hosts. Ancestral host reconstructions ancestral was likely bird, two switching mammals. By combining phylogenomics, molecular dating cophylogenetic analyses, provide first large‐scale picture amblyceran evolution, which will serve basis for future studies

Language: Английский

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Independent and repeated acquisition of endosymbiotic bacteria across the diversification of feather lice

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract Many parasitic insects, including lice, form close relationships with endosymbiotic bacteria that are crucial for their survival. In this study, we used genomic sequencing to investigate the distribution and evolutionary history of bacterial genus Sodalis across a broad range feather louse species spanning 156 genera. Phylogenomic analysis revealed significant diversity among lineages in robust evidence independent repeated acquisition by different clades throughout radiation. Among 1,020 genomes analyzed, at least 22% contained , distributed 57 Cophylogenetic analyses between phylogenies indicated considerable mismatch. This phylogenetic incongruence lice along presence distantly related otherwise closely species, strongly indicates endosymbiont. Additionally, cospeciation few coupled frequent these endosymbionts from free-living bacteria, further highlights diverse processes shaping endosymbiosis lice.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the chewing lice (Menoponidae and Philopteridae) fauna of the Brazilian Northeast: new records for Maranhão and Piauí States

Veterinary Research Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 49(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial genome fragmentation is correlated with increased rates of molecular evolution

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e1011266 - e1011266

Published: May 3, 2024

While mitochondrial genome content and organization is quite diverse across all Eukaryotes, most bilaterian animal genomes (mitogenomes) exhibit highly conserved gene organisation, with genes typically encoded on a single circular chromosome. However, many species of parasitic lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are among the notable exceptions, having mitogenomes fragmented into multiple chromosomes. To better understand process mitogenome fragmentation, we conducted large-scale genomic study major group lice, Amblycera, extensive taxon sampling. Analyses evolution structure phylogenomic tree 90 samples from 53 genera revealed evidence for independent origins some inferred to have occurred less than five million years ago. We leveraged these fragmentation compare rates DNA substitution rearrangement, specifically contrasting branches non-fragmented mitogenomes. found that lineages had significantly higher sequence evolution. In addition, were more likely rearrangements those single-chromosome genomes. By combining phylogenomics genomics provide detailed portrait this insects remarkably unstable structure, identifying processes molecular correlated fragmentation.

Language: Английский

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Host body size, not host population size, predicts genome-wide effective population size of parasites

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 285 - 292

Published: June 5, 2023

The effective population size (Ne) of an organism is expected to be generally proportional the total number individuals in a population. In parasites, we might expect host and body size, because both are increase parasite individuals. However, among other factors, populations sometimes so extremely subdivided that high levels inbreeding may distort these predicted relationships. Here, used whole-genome sequence data from dove parasites (71 feather louse species genus Columbicola) phylogenetic comparative methods study relationship between size. We found largely explained by but not These results suggest potential local (infrapopulation or deme size) more predictive long-term than infrapopulations (i.e., individuals).

Language: Английский

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Parasite escape mechanisms drive morphological diversification in avian lice

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2019)

Published: March 27, 2024

Organisms that have repeatedly evolved similar morphologies owing to the same selective pressures provide excellent cases in which examine specific morphological changes and their relevance ecology evolution of taxa. Hosts permanent parasites act as an independent evolutionary experiment, on these hosts are thought be undergoing pressures. Parasitic feather lice diversified into convergent ecomorphs different microhabitats avian hosts. We quantified characters determine (i) traits associated with each ecomorph, (ii) quantitative differences between ecomorphs, (iii) if there is evidence displacement among co-occurring might expected under louse–louse competition host. used nano-computed tomography scan data 89 specimens, belonging four mandibular muscle volume, limb length three-dimensional head shape data. Here, we find evolve a mechanism escape host defences, but also diverge related way they defences. Lice co-occur other genera exhibit greater divergence, indicating potential role divergence.

Language: Английский

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Coevolutionary analysis of the Philopteroides Mey, 2004 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitizing bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 24, 2023

Introduction Avian head lice comprise a diverse group of distantly related genera that exhibit strongly convergent morphology. Due to their lack free-living stages, strong morphological adaptations living on the host’s head, and limited opportunities for transfer between hosts during mating or nesting, lateral transmission non-conspecific may be presumed restricted. Despite this, many species are ostensibly host generalists. We here examine louse genus Philopteroides Mey, 2004, from bulbuls (Passeriformes: Pycnonotidae). Methods use two different methods, ParaFit Jane, get insights co-evolutionary history bulbul hosts. Jane was run with variation event costs. Results Our phylogenetic analysis indicate several morphologically cryptic can found in this group, most which appear specific. However, co-phylogenetic analyses host-switching has been common these lice, co-speciation events have rarer than expected. Moreover, lowest-cost reconstructions under variety costs indistinguishable random. An expanded dataset more Philopterus-complex evenly balanced events. Discussion The avian is poorly understood, but evidently fairly common. Several potential routes discussed, direct evidence missing. Potentially, presence multiple at fruiting trees an important factor transfer. such also do not explain why distinct those other as recovered our indistinguishable, speciation appears group.

Language: Английский

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Co-phylogeny of a hyper-symbiotic system: Endosymbiotic bacteria (Gammaproteobacteria), chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) and birds (Passeriformes)

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 107957 - 107957

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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