Viral vectored vaccines: design, development, preventive and therapeutic applications in human diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 7, 2023

Abstract Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented challenges to public health security the global economy. The development distribution of novel prophylactic therapeutic vaccines are prioritized countermeasures human disease. Among all vaccine platforms, viral vector offer distinguished advantages represent prominent choices for pathogens that have hampered control efforts based on conventional approaches. Currently, remain one best strategies induction robust humoral cellular immunity against diseases. Numerous viruses different families origins, including vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies parainfluenza measles Newcastle disease influenza adenovirus poxvirus, deemed be vectors differ in structural characteristics, design strategy, antigen presentation capability, immunogenicity protective efficacy. This review summarized overall profile strategies, progress advance steps taken address barriers deployment these vaccines, simultaneously highlighting their potential mucosal delivery, application cancer as well other key aspects concerning rational vaccines. Appropriate accurate technological advances would consolidate position a leading approach accelerate breakthroughs facilitate rapid response emergencies.

Language: Английский

---

Current Advances in Zika Vaccine Development

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1816 - 1816

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus, was first isolated in Uganda 1947 from monkeys and detected humans Nigeria 1952; it has been associated with a dramatic burden worldwide. Since then, interventions to reduce the of ZIKV infection have mainly restricted mosquito control, which end proved be insufficient by itself. Hence, situation prompted scientists increase research on antivirals vaccines against virus. These efforts are still ongoing as pathogenesis immune evasion mechanisms not yet fully elucidated. Understanding viral disease mechanism will provide better landscape develop prophylactic therapeutic strategies ZIKV. Currently, no specific or drugs approved for However, some undergoing clinical trials. Notably, different platforms evaluated design vaccines, including DNA, mRNA, vectors, virus-like particles (VLPs), inactivated virus, live attenuated peptide protein-based passive immunizations using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), that target vector-derived antigens. shown induce humoral cellular responses viremia RNA titers, both vitro vivo. This review provides comprehensive summary current advancements development

Language: Английский

---

In vivo vectorization and delivery systems for gene therapies and RNA-based therapeutics in oncology

Nanoscale, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Gene and RNA-based therapeutics represent a promising frontier in oncology, enabling targeted modulation of tumor-associated genes proteins. This review explores the latest advances payload vectorization delivery systems developed for vivo cancer treatments. We discuss viral non-viral organic particles, including lipid based nanoparticles polymeric structures, effective transport plasmids, siRNA, self-amplifying RNA therapeutics. Their physicochemical properties, strategies to overcome intracellular barriers, innovations cell-based carriers engineered extracellular vesicles are highlighted. Moreover, we consider oncolytic viruses, novel capsid modifications, approaches that refine tumor targeting immunomodulation. Ongoing clinical trials regulatory frameworks guide future directions emphasize need safe, scalable production. The potential convergence these with combination therapies paves way toward personalized medicine.

Language: Английский

---

From protein to immunology: comprehensive insights into Marburg virus vaccines, mechanism, and application

Archives of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207(4)

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1862 - 1862

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that closely related to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, HCC has significantly decreased as result the introduction universal vaccination programs. first hepatitis vaccine approved was developed by purifying surface antigen (HBsAg) from plasma asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Subsequently, recombinant DNA technology led development vaccine. Although there are already several licensed vaccines available for continuous research essential develop even more effective vaccines. Prophylactic been important in prevention because it effectively produced protective immunity against viral infection. only need provoke neutralizing antibodies directed envelop proteins, whereas therapeutic most likely needed induce comprehensive T cell response thus, should include other antigens, such core polymerase. existing have proven be highly preventing but ongoing aims improve their efficacy, duration protection, accessibility. routine administration safe well-tolerated worldwide. purpose this type immunization trigger an immunological host, which will halt replication. clinical efficacy safety affected number factors. However, success now jeopardy due breakthrough infections caused variants with mutations S gene, high loads, virus-induced immunosuppression. In review, we describe various types vaccines, along recent progress battle new HBV.

Language: Английский

---

An Old Acquaintance: Could Adenoviruses Be Our Next Pandemic Threat?

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 330 - 330

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are one of the most important pathogens detected in acute respiratory diseases pediatrics and immunocompromised patients. In 1953, Wallace Rowe described it for first time oropharyngeal lymphatic tissue. To date, more than 110 types HAdV have been described, with different cellular tropisms. They can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, even urinary tract inflammation, although infections asymptomatic. However, there is a population at risk that develop serious lethal conditions. These viruses double-stranded DNA genome, 25–48 kbp, 90 nm diameter, without mantle, stable environment, resistant to fat-soluble detergents. Currently diagnosis made lateral flow immunochromatography or molecular biology through polymerase chain reaction. This review aimed highlight variability pandemic potential HAdV3 7 recombinant could considering aggressive outbreaks produced health facilities. Herein, we characteristics HAdV, from infection treatment, vaccine development, evaluation social determinants associated suggesting necessary measures future sanitary control prevent disasters such as SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an emphasis on use AdV vaccines other pandemics.

Language: Английский

---

Viral vector–mediated expression of NaV1.1, after seizure onset, reduces epilepsy in mice with Dravet syndrome

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 133(12)

Published: May 16, 2023

Dravet syndrome (DS), an intractable childhood epileptic encephalopathy with a high fatality rate, is typically caused by loss-of-function mutations in one allele of SCN1A, which encodes NaV1.1, 250-kDa voltage-gated sodium channel. In contrast to other epilepsies, pharmaceutical treatment for DS limited. Here, we demonstrate that viral vector-mediated delivery codon-modified SCN1A open reading frame into the brain improves comorbidities juvenile and adolescent mice (Scn1aA1783V/WT). Notably, bilateral vector injections hippocampus and/or thalamus increased survival, reduced occurrence spikes, provided protection from thermally induced seizures, corrected background electrocorticographic activity behavioral deficits, restored hippocampal inhibition. Together, our results provide proof concept potential as therapeutic approach infants adolescents DS-associated comorbidities.

Language: Английский

---

Clinical Application of Adenovirus (AdV): A Comprehensive Review

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1094 - 1094

Published: July 8, 2024

Adenoviruses are non-enveloped DNA viruses that cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild infections to life-threatening diseases in broad hosts. Due the unique characteristics these viruses, they have also become vehicle for gene-transfer and cancer therapeutic instruments. Adenovirus vectors can be used gene therapy by modifying wild-type render them replication-defective. This makes it possible swap out particular viral genes segments carry employ resultant vector as means delivering specified tissues. In this review, we outline progressive development adenovirus vectors, exploring their characteristics, genetic modifications, uses clinical preclinical settings. A significant emphasis is placed on crucial role advancing therapy, immunotherapy, latest breakthroughs vaccine various diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Adenovirus infections: new insights for the clinical laboratory

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(9)

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

ABSTRACT Since their discovery in 1953, research on human adenoviruses (HAdVs) has had diverse foci, resulted groundbreaking discoveries, such as gene splicing, and generated powerful oncolytic constructs expression vectors for vaccine development therapy. In contrast, virologists working this field have made relatively little progress toward the prevention treatment of wide spectrum HAdV-associated diseases. The understanding species-specific features viral pathogenesis, or mechanisms underlying establishment latency reactivation, is still limited. This group viruses currently comprises 7 species, 51 serotypes, 116 unique genotypes. complexity manifests with a challenging pathophenotypic diversity. Some types are highly virulent, others do not seem to cause disease immunocompetent hosts. assessment load blood respiratory specimens well-acknowledged clinical utility, but lack virus typing capabilities easily implementable laboratories represents lingering major limitation interpretation positive tests. HAdV infections severe consequences both immunocompromised patients, why case will require more research. Clinical isolates collections can provide resources investigate molecular bases virulence fitness also help gather information spatial–temporal patterns circulation susceptible communities, they extremely scarce. underutilized interfaces between patients academic scientists have, therefore, high potential become valuable collaborators moving forward.

Language: Английский

---

The Pseudotyped Replication-Deficient VSV with Spike from PEDV Induces Neutralizing Antibody Against PEDV

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 223 - 223

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a significant pathogen in swine, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. Despite the availability of existing vaccines, there critical need for novel vaccine platforms that ensure robust protection while maintaining safety. Methods: A recombinant replication-deficient vesicular stomatitis (VSV) vaccine, rVSV∆G-PEDV-S, was developed by pseudotyping with spike (S) protein from PEDV. To achieve high-titer pseudotyped rVSV particles, stable Huh7 cell line expressing PEDV S (Huh7-PEDV-S) generated. The infectivity and replication capacity rVSV∆G-PEDV-S were evaluated PEDV-susceptible lines Huh7-PEDV-S cells. vaccine’s immunogenicity safety assessed BALB/c mice vaccinated intramuscularly rVSV∆G-PEDV-S. Results: demonstrated cells, remaining non-complementary In mice, elicited strong humoral immune response, characterized high levels S1-specific IgG neutralizing antibodies. No adverse effects, including weight loss or behavioral changes, observed confirming Conclusions: represents promising platform controlling outbreaks. Its design methodology adaptability to emerging variants. These findings highlight potential as safe effective solution ongoing challenges posed

Language: Английский

---