Mucosal-associated
invariant
T
(MAIT)
cells
are
a
subset
of
innate-like
abundant
in
human
tissues
that
play
significant
role
defense
against
bacterial
and
viral
infections
tissue
repair.
MAIT
activated
by
recognizing
microbial-derived
small-molecule
ligands
presented
the
MHC
class
I
related-1
protein.
Although
several
cell
modulators
have
been
identified
last
decade,
potent
chemically
stable
remain
limited.
Herein,
we
carried
out
structure-activity
relationship
study
ribityllumazine
derivatives
found
activators
with
pteridine
core
2-oxopropyl
group
as
Lys-reactive
group.
The
showed
high
potency
toward
co-cultivation
assay
using
model
lines
antigen-presenting
(EC50
=
20
nM).
X-ray
crystallographic
analysis
revealed
binding
mode
activator
to
MR1
receptor,
indicating
it
forms
covalent
bond
via
Shiff
base
formation.
Furthermore,
one
stimulated
proliferation
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
an
adjuvant
effect
mice.
Our
developed
is
most
among
activators,
contributing
accelerating
therapeutic
applications
cells.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(4), P. 4084 - 4084
Published: Feb. 17, 2023
Allogeneic
cell
therapies,
defined
by
genetically
mismatched
transplantation,
have
the
potential
to
become
a
cost-effective
solution
for
cell-based
cancer
immunotherapy.
However,
this
type
of
therapy
is
often
accompanied
development
graft-versus-host
disease
(GvHD),
induced
major
histocompatibility
complex
(MHC)
between
healthy
donors
and
recipients,
leading
severe
complications
death.
To
address
issue
increase
allogeneic
therapies
in
clinical
practice,
minimizing
GvHD
crucial
challenge.
Innate
T
cells,
encompassing
subsets
lymphocytes
including
mucosal-associated
invariant
(MAIT)
natural
killer
(iNKT)
gamma
delta
(γδ
T)
offer
promising
solution.
These
cells
express
MHC-independent
T-cell
receptors
(TCRs),
allowing
them
avoid
MHC
recognition
thus
GvHD.
This
review
examines
biology
these
three
innate
populations,
evaluates
research
on
their
roles
modulation
stem
transplantation
(allo
HSCT),
explores
futures
therapies.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Nov. 18, 2024
After
experiencing
many
ups
and
downs,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
therapy
has
reached
a
milestone
as
an
anti-cancer
method,
evidenced
by
the
increasing
number
of
clinical
trials
approved
products.
Nonetheless,
there
is
real
need
to
optimize
CAR-T
overcome
its
existing
limitations.
The
importance
cellular
starting
material
for
generating
cells
undeniable,
current
personalized
manufacturing
approach
main
roadblock
providing
fast,
affordable,
standard
treatment
patients.
Thus,
developing
off-the-shelf
product
leading
focus
in
adoptive
therapy.
Several
biotech
companies
worldwide
are
focused
on
from
allogeneic
sources.
Induced
pluripotent
stem
(iPSCs)
have
unique
characteristics,
making
them
highly
attractive
among
various
IPSCs
can
be
modified
with
CAR,
undergo
other
intended
gene
manipulations,
then
differentiated
into
functional
hematopoietic
lineages
activity.
Moreover,
iPSCs
provide
unlimited
source,
simplifying
setting
protocol
homogenous
population
resulting
reducing
batch-to-batch
inconsistency.
In
this
review,
we
delve
iPSC-derived
(iCAR-T)
discuss
path
challenges
their
translation.
We
also
introduce
some
alternatives
conventional
iCAR-αβ-T
cells,
including
iCAR-T
limited
TCR
diversity,
iCAR-NK,
iCAR-macrophages,
iCAR-neutrophils
relative
advantages
disadvantages
well
differentiation
compliance
cGMP.
Finally,
reviewed
CAR-engineered
being
evaluated
trials.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 902 - 902
Published: May 29, 2023
In
humans,
a
total
of
12
galectins
have
been
identified.
Their
intracellular
and
extracellular
biological
functions
are
explored
discussed
in
this
review.
These
play
important
roles
controlling
immune
responses
within
the
tumour
microenvironment
(TME)
infiltration
cells,
including
different
subsets
T
macrophages,
neutrophils,
to
fight
against
cancer
cells.
However,
these
infiltrating
cells
also
repair
hijacked
by
for
pro-tumorigenic
activities.
Upon
better
understanding
immunomodulating
galectin-3
-9,
their
inhibitors,
namely,
GB1211
LYT-200,
selected
as
candidates
clinical
trials.
The
use
galectin
inhibitors
combined
treatments
with
current
checkpoint
(ICIs)
is
undergoing
trial
investigations.
Through
network
binding
partners,
inhibition
broad
downstream
effects
acting
on
CD8+
cytotoxic
regulatory
(Tregs),
Natural
Killer
(NK)
macrophages
well
playing
pro-inflammatory
roles,
inhibiting
T-cell
exhaustion
support
Other
members
included
review
provide
insight
into
potential
future
treatment(s).
pitfalls
limitations
using
cognise
application.
Mucosal-associated
invariant
T
(MAIT)
cells
are
a
subset
of
innate-like
abundant
in
human
tissues
that
play
significant
role
defense
against
bacterial
and
viral
infections
tissue
repair.
MAIT
activated
by
recognizing
microbial-derived
small-molecule
ligands
presented
the
MHC
class
I
related-1
protein.
Although
several
cell
modulators
have
been
identified
last
decade,
potent
chemically
stable
remain
limited.
Herein,
we
carried
out
structure-activity
relationship
study
ribityllumazine
derivatives
found
activators
with
pteridine
core
2-oxopropyl
group
as
Lys-reactive
group.
The
showed
high
potency
toward
co-cultivation
assay
using
model
lines
antigen-presenting
(EC50
=
20
nM).
X-ray
crystallographic
analysis
revealed
binding
mode
activator
to
MR1
receptor,
indicating
it
forms
covalent
bond
via
Shiff
base
formation.
Furthermore,
one
stimulated
proliferation
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
an
adjuvant
effect
mice.
Our
developed
is
most
among
activators,
contributing
accelerating
therapeutic
applications
cells.
