Environmental Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40(2), P. 222 - 244
Published: Oct. 10, 2024
ABSTRACT
Fetal
alcohol
syndrome
(FAS)
can
occur
because
of
high
amount
intake
during
pregnancy
and
is
characterized
by
both
physical
neurological
problems.
Children
diagnosed
with
FAS
have
difficulties
in
learning,
memory,
coordination.
Hippocampus
has
a
major
role
memory
learning.
We
aimed
to
determine
whether
exposure
had
any
effect
on
offspring
evaluating
learning
ability
as
well
oxidative
stress
autophagy
the
hippocampus
cortex
tissues
litters.
Attention
was
also
paid
sex
differences.
To
do
so,
TRPM2,
Beclin1,
p62,
LC3B,
IBA1,
parvalbumin,
GAD65,
mGluR5
expression
levels
were
evaluated
immunohistochemistry.
Lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH),
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
levels,
total
oxidant
(TOS)
antioxidant
(TAS)
status
determined
ELISA.
Learning
experiments
Morris
water
maze
(MWM)
test.
Our
findings
demonstrated
that
higher
female
rats
chronic
(CAE)
model.
IHC
results
revealed
TRPM2
significantly
increased
males
females
CAE
group.
Likewise,
TAS
lower,
TOS
animals.
Moreover,
MWM
outcomes
supported
deficiency
litters
compared
controls
indicated
outperformed
experiments.
Therefore,
our
detrimental
effects
signaling
tissue
litters,
which
could
affect
Cerebral Cortex,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(5)
Published: May 1, 2024
Cortical
parvalbumin
interneurons
(PV+)
are
major
regulators
of
excitatory/inhibitory
information
processing,
and
their
maturation
is
associated
with
the
opening
developmental
critical
periods
(CP).
Recent
studies
reveal
that
cortical
PV+
axons
myelinated,
myelination
along
perineuronal
net
(PNN)
around
cells
closures
CP.
Although
susceptible
to
early-life
stress,
relationship
between
PNN
coverage
remains
unexplored.
This
study
compared
fine
features
in
well-characterized
human
post-mortem
ventromedial
prefrontal
cortex
samples
(n
=
31)
from
depressed
suicides
or
without
a
history
child
abuse
(CA)
matched
controls.
In
healthy
controls,
81%
all
sampled
displayed
myelinated
axon,
while
subset
(66%)
these
also
PNN,
proposing
both
attributes.
Intriguingly,
3-fold
increase
proportion
unmyelinated
was
observed
CA
victims,
greater
PV-immunofluorescence
intensity
PNN.
study,
which
first
provide
normative
data
on
PNNs
neocortex,
sheds
further
light
cellular
molecular
consequences
adversity
interneurons.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 3, 2024
Abstract
Experiencing
a
single
severe
stressor
is
sufficient
to
drive
sexually
dimorphic
psychiatric
disease
development.
The
ventral
subiculum
(vSUB)
emerges
as
site
where
stress
may
induce
adaptations
due
its
sex-specific
organization
and
pivotal
role
in
integration.
Using
1-hr
acute
restraint
model,
we
uncover
that
causes
net
decrease
vSUB
activity
females
potent,
long-lasting,
driven
by
adrenergic
receptor
signaling.
By
contrast,
males
exhibit
increase
transient
corticosterone
We
further
identified
sex-dependent
changes
output
the
bed
nucleus
of
stria
terminalis
anxiety-like
behavior
response
stress.
These
findings
reveal
striking
disease-relevant
brain
regions
following
with
sex-,
cell-type,
synapse-specificity
contribute
our
understanding
shape
stress-related
risk.
Highlights
BS
cells
are
uniquely
sensitive
Stress
cell
E/I
balance
aBNST
vivo
females,
but
not
Neurobiology of Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
200, P. 106642 - 106642
Published: Aug. 22, 2024
Adverse
experiences
during
infancy
and
adolescence
have
an
important
enduring
effect
on
the
brain
are
predisposing
factors
for
mental
disorders,
particularly
major
depression.
This
impact
is
notable
in
regions
with
protracted
development,
such
as
prefrontal
cortex.
The
inhibitory
neurons
of
this
cortical
region
altered
by
peripubertal
stress
(PPS),
female
mice.
In
study
we
explored
whether
circuits
thalamus
impacted
PPS
male
diencephalic
structure,
cortex,
also
completes
its
development
postnatal
life
affected
adverse
experiences.
long-term
changes
induced
were
exclusively
found
adult
We
that
increases
depressive-like
behavior
induces
parvalbumin-expressing
(PV+)
cells
thalamic
reticular
nucleus
(TRN).
observed
reductions
volume
TRN,
together
those
parameters
related
to
structures/molecules
regulate
plasticity
connectivity
PV+
cells:
perineuronal
nets,
matricellular
structures
surrounding
neurons,
polysialylated
form
neural
cell
adhesion
molecule
(PSA-NCAM).
expression
GluN1,
but
not
GluN2C,
NMDA
receptor
subunit
was
augmented
TRN
after
PPS.
An
increase
fluorescence
intensity
puncta
synaptic
output
lateral
posterior
nucleus.
These
results
demonstrate
thalamus,
vulnerable
effects
aversive
early
life,
females.
vulnerability
probably
might
contribute
psychiatric
disorders.
Environmental Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40(2), P. 222 - 244
Published: Oct. 10, 2024
ABSTRACT
Fetal
alcohol
syndrome
(FAS)
can
occur
because
of
high
amount
intake
during
pregnancy
and
is
characterized
by
both
physical
neurological
problems.
Children
diagnosed
with
FAS
have
difficulties
in
learning,
memory,
coordination.
Hippocampus
has
a
major
role
memory
learning.
We
aimed
to
determine
whether
exposure
had
any
effect
on
offspring
evaluating
learning
ability
as
well
oxidative
stress
autophagy
the
hippocampus
cortex
tissues
litters.
Attention
was
also
paid
sex
differences.
To
do
so,
TRPM2,
Beclin1,
p62,
LC3B,
IBA1,
parvalbumin,
GAD65,
mGluR5
expression
levels
were
evaluated
immunohistochemistry.
Lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH),
malondialdehyde
(MDA)
levels,
total
oxidant
(TOS)
antioxidant
(TAS)
status
determined
ELISA.
Learning
experiments
Morris
water
maze
(MWM)
test.
Our
findings
demonstrated
that
higher
female
rats
chronic
(CAE)
model.
IHC
results
revealed
TRPM2
significantly
increased
males
females
CAE
group.
Likewise,
TAS
lower,
TOS
animals.
Moreover,
MWM
outcomes
supported
deficiency
litters
compared
controls
indicated
outperformed
experiments.
Therefore,
our
detrimental
effects
signaling
tissue
litters,
which
could
affect
