Biological Invasions by Exotic Grasses, the Grass/Fire Cycle, and Global Change

Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Journal Year: 1992, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 63 - 87

Published: Nov. 1, 1992

Espécies exóticas são aquelas encontradas fora de seu local origem ou ambiente natural como resultado da introdução intencional acidental causada pelo homem.Espécies invasoras que no novo se adaptam e passam a reproduzir-se ponto ocupar o espaço espécies nativas, alterando os processos ecológicos, tendendo tornar-se dominantes após longo curto período adaptação, podendo ainda ameaçar impactar diversidade

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Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 1 - 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2006

ABSTRACT We explore the issues relevant to those types of ecosystems containing new combinations species that arise through human action, environmental change, and impacts deliberate inadvertent introduction from other regions. Novel (also termed ‘emerging ecosystems’) result when occur in relative abundances have not occurred previously within a given biome. Key characteristics are novelty, form potential for changes ecosystem functioning, agency, these or action. As more Earth becomes transformed by actions, novel increase importance, but relatively little studied. Either degradation invasion native ‘wild’ abandonment intensively managed systems can formation systems. Important considerations whether persistent what values they may have. It is likely it be very difficult costly return such their previous state, hence consideration needs developing appropriate management goals approaches.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: A review of 22 years of recommendations

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 142(1), P. 14 - 32

Published: Nov. 22, 2008

Language: Английский

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Effects of Exotic Plant Invasions on Soil Nutrient Cycling Processes

Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 503 - 523

Published: Oct. 1, 2003

Language: Английский

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Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 18 - 24

Published: Oct. 11, 2003

Language: Английский

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Invasive Species, Environmental Change and Management, and Health

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 25 - 55

Published: Oct. 22, 2010

Invasive species are a major element of global change and contributing to biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, impairment services worldwide. Research is shedding new light on the ecological economic consequences invasions. New approaches emerging for describing evaluating impacts invasive species, translating these into monetary terms. The harmful effects invasions now widely recognized, multiscale programs in place many parts world reduce current future impacts. There has been an upsurge scientific research aimed at guiding management interventions. Among activities that receiving most attention have promise reducing problems risk assessment, pathway vector management, early detection, rapid response, mitigation restoration. Screening protocols introductions becoming more accurate shown cost-effective.

Language: Английский

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ARE INVASIVE SPECIES THE DRIVERS OR PASSENGERS OF CHANGE IN DEGRADED ECOSYSTEMS?

Ecology, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 86(1), P. 42 - 55

Published: Jan. 1, 2005

Few invaded ecosystems are free from habitat loss and disturbance, leading to uncertainty whether dominant invasive species driving community change or passengers along for the environmental ride. The "driver" model predicts that communities highly interactive, with subordinate native being limited excluded by competition exotic dominants. "passenger" primarily structured noninteractive factors (environmental change, dispersal limitation) less constraining on exotics, which thus dominate. We tested these alternative hypotheses in an invaded, fragmented, fire-suppressed oak savanna. examined impact of two perennial grasses structure using a reduction (mowing aboveground biomass) removal (weeding above- belowground experiment conducted at different seasons soil depths. relative importance vs. limitation experimental seed additions. Competition dominants limits abundance reproduction many based their increased performance removals mowing. treatments resulted light availability bare soil; moisture N were unaffected. Although was limiting some, 36 79 did not respond declined absence grass cover. Seed additions revealed some subordinates limited; alone insufficient explain rarity even though it does exacerbate inefficiencies lowering reproduction. While net effects negative, presence restricted woody plants, facilitated seedling survival moderate disturbance (i.e., applied fall), primary factor occurrence species. Finally, most functionally distinct (forbs, plants) responded significantly treatments. This suggests is determined more trade-offs relating conditions (long-term fire suppression) than traits resource capture (which should similar species). points toward passenger as underlying cause dominance, although combined (suppressive facilitative) substantial.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem Consequences of Biological Invasions

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 59 - 80

Published: Nov. 2, 2010

Exotic species affect the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials energy, thereby altering fundamental structure function their ecosystems. Rapidly accumulating evidence from many both animal plant invaders suggests that invasive often increase pool sizes, particularly biomass, promote accelerated flux rates, but exceptions can be found. Ecosystem dynamics are altered through a variety interacting, mutually reinforcing mechanistic pathways, including species' resource acquisition traits; population densities; ability to engineer changes physical environmental conditions; effects on disturbance, especially fire; regimes; habitat for other species; impact food webs. Local factors landscape setting, history, sources disturbance constrain ecosystem responses invasions. New research directions suggested, need whole-system budgets, quantification abundance-impact relationships particular processes, better exploration web impacts processes.

Language: Английский

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Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2003, Volume and Issue: 78(3), P. 347 - 383

Published: Aug. 1, 2003

ABSTRACT The invasion of ecosystems by exotic species is currently viewed as one the most important sources biodiversity loss. largest part this loss occurs on islands, where indigenous have often evolved in absence strong competition, herbivory, parasitism or predation. As a result, introduced thrive those optimal insular affecting their plant food, competitors animal prey. islands are characterised high rate endemism, impacted populations correspond to local subspecies even unique species. One taxa concerning biological invasions mammals. A small number mammal responsible for damage invaded ecosystems: rats, cats, goats, rabbits, pigs and few others. effect alien invasive may be simple very complex, especially since large array species, mammals others, can present simultaneously interact among themselves well with In cases, generally impact they impoverishment flora fauna. best response these effects almost always control population, either regularly reducing numbers, better still, eradicating population whole from island. Several types methods used: physical (trapping, shooting), chemical (poisoning) (e.g. directed use diseases). Each has its own set advantages disadvantages, depending targeted. strategy combine several methods. Whatever used, long‐term success critically dependent solid support different areas, including financial support, staff commitment, public name only few. many elimination followed rapid spectacular recovery populations. However, other removal not sufficient damaged ecosystem revert former state, complementary actions, such re‐introduction, required. third situation widespread: sudden generate further disequilibrium, resulting greater ecosystem. Given numerous complex interactions island it difficult predict outcome key top predator. This justifies careful pre‐control study preparation prior initiating eradication an order avoid ecological catastrophe. addition, monitoring post‐eradication crucial assess prevent reinvasion.

Language: Английский

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Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 126 - 139

Published: Jan. 1, 2007

ABSTRACT Rivers are conduits for materials and energy; this, the frequent intense disturbances that these systems experience, their narrow, linear nature, create problems conservation of biodiversity ecosystem functioning in face increasing human influence. In most parts world, riparian zones highly modified. Changes caused by alien plants — or environmental changes facilitate shifts dominance creating novel ecosystems often important agents perturbation systems. Many restoration projects underway. Objective frameworks based on an understanding biogeographical processes at different spatial scales (reach, segment, catchment), specific relationships between invasive resilience functioning, realistic endpoints needed to guide sustainable initiatives. This paper examines biogeography determinants composition structure vegetation temperate subtropical regions conceptualizes components We consider by, associated with, plant invasions, particular those lead breached abiotic‐ biotic thresholds. These pose challenges when formulating programmes. Pervasive escalating human‐mediated multiple factors a range environments demand innovative pragmatic approaches restoration. The application new framework accommodating such complexity is demonstrated with reference hypothetical under three scenarios: (1) system unaffected plants; (2) initially uninvaded, but flood‐generated incursion invasion‐driven alteration; (3) affected both invasions engineering interventions. scheme has been used derive decision‐making restoring South Africa could similar initiatives other world.

Language: Английский

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