The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 224(1), P. 1 - 26

Published: Aug. 10, 2012

Language: Английский

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What's in a Name? Terminology for Designating a Syndrome of Driven Sexual Behavior

Sexual Health & Compulsivity, Journal Year: 2001, Volume and Issue: 8(3-4), P. 191 - 213

Published: July 1, 2001

Most clinicians and researchers would agree that a condition exists in which person's driven sexual behavior causes either subjective distress or functional impairment. However, questions remain about how this should be designated. This article considers the designations are most often employed--sexual compulsivity, impulsivity, addiction--and concludes addiction is suitable. Arguments against concept of then reviewed addressed. Finally, implications proposed terminology for treatment explored.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS): Molecular Neurogenetic Evidence for Predisposition to Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 50(3), P. 765 - 796

Published: May 30, 2014

We have published extensively on the neurogenetics of brain reward systems with reference to genes related dopaminergic function in particular. In 1996, we coined "Reward Deficiency Syndrome" (RDS), portray behaviors found gene-based association hypodopaminergic function. RDS as a useful concept has been embraced many subsequent studies, increase our understanding Substance Use Disorder (SUD), addictions, and other obsessive, compulsive, impulsive behaviors. Interestingly, albeit others, one study, were able describe lifetime recovering addict (17 years sober) blindly by assessing resultant Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS™) data only. hypothesize that genetic testing at an early age may be effective preventive strategy reduce or eliminate pathological substance behavioral seeking activity. Here, consider select number genes, their polymorphisms, associated risks for whereby, utilizing GWAS, there is evidence convergence candidate genes. The presented serves plausible brain-print providing relevant information will reinforce targeted therapies, improve recovery prevent relapse individualized basis. primary driver trait (genes) well epigenetic states (methylation deacetylation chromatin structure). now entered new era addiction medicine embraces neuroscience condition circuitry calls appropriate evidence-based therapy diagnosis requires further intensive investigation.

Language: Английский

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Tolerance in Internet gaming disorder: A need for increasing gaming time or something else?

Journal of Behavioral Addictions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 525 - 533

Published: Nov. 14, 2017

Background and aims The criterion of tolerance in DSM-5 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) refers to a need for increasing time spent gaming. However, this focus on "need time" may overlook some the broader motivations, outcomes, or effects that underlie excessive play. This study aimed explore regular problematic gamers' experiences perceptions IGD. Methods An online survey 630 adult gamers yielded 1,417 text responses open-ended questions. A thematic analysis 23,373 words was conducted extract dominant themes. Results Participants reported they increasingly desired game items, status, story progress as became more involved invested games. As players develop higher standards play games, an number potential reward outcomes have diminishing mood-modifying effects. None participants, including those with self-reported IGD, explicitly referred Discussion conclusions These results suggest be motivated by preferences specific goals reinforcers games rather than wanting amount Thus, involve completion intricate, time-consuming, difficult achieve satisfaction and/or reduce fears missing out. Further research is needed determine whether these cognitive motivational factors related stimuli should extend replace concept IGD considered separate but processes disordered

Language: Английский

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The Pharmacology of Benzodiazepines

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 1991, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 133 - 151

Published: Jan. 1, 1991

Language: Английский

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Anhedonia and Substance-Related Symptoms in Detoxified Substance-Dependent Subjects: A Correlation Study

Neuropsychobiology, Journal Year: 2005, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 37 - 44

Published: Jan. 1, 2005

Anhedonia is a condition in which the capacity of experiencing pleasure totally or partially lost, frequently occurring mood disorders, as negative symptom schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. In order to test set instruments for anhedonia population detoxified opiate, alcohol multiple substance-dependent subjects, 70 individuals were recruited from three different clinical settings. The following scales applied: Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia (BRMS), Assessment Negative Symptoms (SANS), specific withdrawal scales, visual analogue (VAS) hedonic capability craving. measuring either directly (SHAPS, VAS capability) some key items (SANS, BRMS) significantly correlated with each other. period time since detoxification was inversely symptomatology. Craving positively anhedonia. Out total sample, only 18.5% could be defined psychometrically anhedonic. same correlations found this subsample. composite instrument employed assessing sensitive enough detect such dimension considered, single interrelated. conclusion, we interrelations between capability, craving protracted withdrawal, particularly opiate-dependent subjects. strongest association occurred

Language: Английский

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Substance use modulates stress reactivity: Behavioral and physiological outcomes

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 32 - 42

Published: Feb. 20, 2016

Language: Английский

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Developmental changes in brain function linked with addiction-like social media use two years later

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Addiction-like social media use (ASMU) is widely reported among adolescents and associated with depression other negative health outcomes. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of neural feedback processing that are linked higher levels ASMU in later adolescence. Within a longitudinal design, 103 completed incentive delay task during 1–3 fMRI scans (6–9th grade), 4th self-report assessment depressive symptoms ∼2 years (10–11th grade). assessed effects on brain responsivity positive across puberty relationships between development, symptoms, while considering gender effects. Findings demonstrate decreasing responsivity, puberty, the ventral prefrontal cortex, medial posterior cingulate right inferior frontal gyrus over 2 later. Significant moderated mediation models suggest these pubertal decreases increased which, adolescent girls (but not boys), turn symptoms. Results initial hyperresponsivity feedback, before onset, this response may be risk factors for

Language: Английский

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The human sexual response and alcohol and drugs

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Journal Year: 1988, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 171 - 177

Published: Jan. 1, 1988

Language: Английский

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Altered neural activities during response inhibition in adults with addiction: a voxel-wise meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(3), P. 387 - 399

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Abstract Background Previous literature has extensively investigated the brain activity during response inhibition in adults with addiction. Inconsistent results including both hyper- and hypo-activities fronto-parietal network (FPN) ventral attention (VAN) have been found addictions, compared healthy controls (HCs). Methods Voxel-wise meta-analyses of abnormal task-evoked regional were conducted for substance dependence (SD) behavioral addiction tasks to solve previous inconsistencies. Twenty-three functional magnetic resonance imaging studies 479 users, 38 individuals 494 HCs identified. Results Compared HCs, all addictions showed regions within FPN (inferior frontal gyrus supramarginal gyrus) VAN gyrus, middle temporal pole insula), hyper-activities cerebellum inhibition. SD subgroup almost same patterns, an additional hypoactivation precentral HCs. Stronger activation was associated longer duration SD. We could not conduct meta-analytic investigations into due small number datasets. Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed altered FPN, using non-addiction-related stimuli. Although lower activity, exhibited stronger activity. These may help understand neural pathology

Language: Английский

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