World Journal of Clinical Cases,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(11)
Published: Dec. 25, 2024
Nipah
is
a
deadly
viral
infection
which
has
come
to
the
news
highlight
recently,
due
its
fresh
onslaught
in
Southern
India.
As
world
continues
recover
from
coronavirus
disease
2019,
World
Health
Organization
identified
list
of
high-priority
pathogens
with
potential
cause
future
pandemics.
Among
them
virus
(NiV),
poses
significant
threat.
Even
small
outbreak
could
trigger
widespread
panic
among
public.
The
emergence
and
re-emergence
NiV
other
zoonotic
infections
stern
reminder
importance
One
health
concept.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
Nipah
virus
(NiV)
is
one
of
a
group
highly
pathogenic
viruses
classified
within
the
Henipavirus
genus.
Since
2012
at
least
11
new
henipa-like
have
been
identified,
including
from
locations
and
reservoir
hosts;
pathogenicity
these
has
yet
to
be
determined,
but
two
them
associated
with
morbidity,
fatalities.
The
efficacy
cross-reactivity
vaccine
candidates
derived
soluble
glycoproteins
both
NiV
Hendra
(HeV)
was
evaluated
in
our
recently
established
hamster
model.
Both
preparations
resulted
strong
humoral
responses
against
antigenic
targets,
demonstrating
cross-reactive
immunity.
Efficacy
determined
through
challenge
hamsters
Malaysian
(NiV-M)
strain.
100%
survived
lethal
dose
after
prime/boost
immunisation
HeV
presence
adjuvant,
clinical
signs
pathology
being
significantly
reduced
immunised
animals.
This
first
time
compared
NiV-M
model
Alhydrogel
AddaVax,
providing
evidence
that
closely
related
henipavirus
species
can
provide
cross-protectivity
infection
alternate
henipaviruses,
supporting
potential
an
effective
pan-henipavirus
for
use
frontline
outbreak
response.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 352 - 352
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Zoonotic
viruses
have
significant
pandemic
potential,
as
evidenced
by
the
coronavirus
pandemic,
which
underscores
that
zoonotic
infections
historically
caused
numerous
outbreaks
and
millions
of
deaths
over
centuries.
induce
types
illnesses
in
their
natural
hosts.
These
are
transmitted
to
humans
via
biological
vectors,
direct
contact
with
infected
animals
or
bites,
aerosols.
continuously
evolve
adapt
human
hosts,
resulting
devastating
consequences.
It
is
very
important
understand
pathogenesis
pathways
associated
viral
across
various
hosts
develop
countermeasure
strategies
accordingly.
In
this
review,
we
briefly
discuss
advancements
diagnostics
therapeutics
for
infections.
provides
insight
into
recent
outbreaks,
dynamics,
licensed
vaccines,
well
vaccine
candidates
progressing
clinical
investigations.
Despite
advancements,
challenges
persist
combating
due
immune
evasion,
unpredicted
complexity
responses.
Most
these
lack
effective
treatments
relying
entirely
on
supportive
care
preventive
measures.
Exposure
animal
reservoirs,
limited
access,
insufficient
coverage
further
pose
efforts.
This
review
highlights
critical
need
ongoing
interdisciplinary
research
collaboration
strengthen
preparedness
response
against
emerging
infectious
threats.
Expert Review of Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 6, 2025
Nipah
virus
is
a
high-consequence
pathogen
that
causes
sporadic
outbreaks
with
high
mortality,
and
there
are
currently
no
vaccines
or
therapeutics
available
for
Nipah.
Vaccine
development
against
faces
challenges
due
to
its
current
epidemiology
limited
outbreak
sizes,
which
impedes
the
feasibility
of
conducting
vaccine
efficacy
trials
focused
on
disease
endpoints.
We
review
progress
candidates
in
human
clinical
highlight
evaluating
nature
outbreaks,
given
epidemic
potential
implications
pandemic
preparedness.
examine
alternative
regulatory
pathways,
including
US
FDA's
Animal
Rule
EMA's
conditional
marketing
authorization,
permit
approval
based
surrogate
markers
rather
than
data
from
large-scale
Phase-3
trials.
The
need
standardized
immune
emphasized,
alongside
calls
international
collaboration
develop
such
endpoints
manage
stockpile
strategies.
recommend
alignment
among
developers,
regulators,
global
health
stakeholders
incentivize
through
as
well
ensuring
preparedness
via
strategic
stockpiling
response
targeted
deployment
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: March 6, 2025
Nipah
virus
(NiV)
is
a
non-segmented
negative-strand
RNA
(nsNSV)
with
high
pandemic
potential,
as
it
frequently
causes
zoonotic
outbreaks
and
can
be
transmitted
from
human
to
human.
Its
RNA-dependent
polymerase
(RdRp)
complex,
consisting
of
the
L
P
proteins,
carries
out
viral
genome
replication
transcription
therefore
an
attractive
drug
target.
Here,
we
report
cryo-EM
structures
NiV
complex
in
apo
early
elongation
state
incoming
substrate
bound.
The
structure
enzyme
reveals
architecture
L-P
which
shows
degree
similarity
other
nsNSV
complexes.
RNA-bound
how
interacts
template
product
during
synthesis
nucleoside
triphosphates
are
bound
active
site.
Comparisons
show
that
binding
leads
rearrangements
key
elements
RdRp
core
ordering
flexible
C-terminal
domains
required
for
capping.
Taken
together,
these
results
reveal
first
structural
snapshots
actively
elongating
provide
insights
into
mechanisms
by
related
viruses.
Frontiers in Veterinary Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: March 7, 2025
Nipah
virus
(NiV)
is
recognized
as
one
of
the
key
pathogens
with
pandemic
potential.
We
have
recently
established
a
NiV
hamster
model,
which
reproduces
highly
similar
disease
to
that
observed
in
human
cases,
including
respiratory
and
neurological
signs
lesions.
The
aims
this
study
were
describe
microscopic
lesions
golden
Syrian
model
after
intranasal
(IN)
intraperitoneal
(IP)
inoculation
different
doses
Malaysian
strain
NiV;
depth
cell
composition
pulmonary
brain
expression
proinflammatory
cytokines
in-situ
using
combination
histopathological
techniques
immunohistochemistry
(IHC)
hybridisation
(ISH)
via
RNAscope
technique.
also
developed
multiplex
IHC
will
allow
us
interaction
populations
lung
future
studies.
For
this,
we
selected
28
formalin-fixed
paraffin-embedded
(FFPE)
samples
from
previous
experiments
performed
by
our
research
group.
Histopathology
revealed
severe
broncho-interstitial
pneumonia,
mainly
animals
inoculated
IN
route,
accompanied
strong
acute
inflammatory
response
(Iba1
+
cells)
high
levels
RNA.
Upregulation
(IL-6
TNF)
was
ISH
technique
these
animals.
Neurological
lesions,
consisting
perivascular
cuffing
meningitis,
IP
route.
results
showed
astrocytosis
(GFAP
)
microgliosis
animals,
together
mild
IL6
TNF
mRNA.
These
helped
characterize
host-pathogen
animal
infection
being
currently
used
preclinical
testing
antiviral
vaccine
strategies.
Techniques
could
be
applied
development
application
models
other
infections
henipaviruses,
Hendra
(HeV),
consequence
priority
pathogens.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
SUMMARY
Henipaviruses
were
first
identified
30
years
ago
and
have
since
been
associated
with
over
outbreaks
of
disease
in
humans.
Highly
pathogenic
henipaviruses
include
Hendra
virus
(HeV)
Nipah
(NiV),
classified
as
biosafety
level
4
pathogens.
In
addition,
NiV
has
listed
a
priority
pathogen
by
the
World
Health
Organization
(WHO),
Coalition
for
Epidemic
Preparedness
Innovations
(CEPI),
UK
Vaccines
Research
Development
Network
(UKVN).
Here,
we
re-examine
epidemiological,
ecological,
clinical,
pathobiological
studies
HeV
to
provide
comprehensive
guide
current
knowledge
application
identify
evaluate
countermeasures.
We
also
discuss
therapeutic
vaccine
development
efforts.
Furthermore,
case
identification,
prevention,
treatment
mind,
highlight
limitations
research
recognize
gaps
necessitating
additional
studies.
