Incidence of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. e2321281 - e2321281

Published: June 30, 2023

Importance There are reports of increasing incidence pediatric diabetes since the onset COVID-19 pandemic. Given limitations individual studies that examine this association, it is important to synthesize estimates changes in rates. Objective To compare rates during and before Data Sources In systematic review meta-analysis, electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, Scopus, Web Science, gray literature were searched between January 1, 2020, March 28, 2023, using subject headings text word terms related COVID-19, diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Study Selection Studies independently assessed by 2 reviewers included if they reported differences incident cases vs pandemic youths younger than 19 years, had a minimum observation period 12 months pandemic, published English. Extraction Synthesis From records underwent full-text review, abstracted data risk bias. The Meta-analysis Observational Epidemiology ( MOOSE ) reporting guideline was followed. Eligible meta-analysis analyzed with common random-effects analysis. not summarized descriptively. Main Outcomes Measures primary outcome change rate secondary DKA among new-onset Results Forty-two 102 984 review. type 1 17 38 149 showed higher first year compared prepandemic (incidence ratio [IRR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.08-1.21). an increased 13 24 (IRR, 1.27; 1.18-1.37). Ten (23.8%) both periods. These did report rates, so results pooled. Fifteen (35.7%) found 1.26; 1.17-1.36). Conclusions Relevance This study at children adolescents after start Increased resources support may be needed for growing number diabetes. Future assess whether trend persists help elucidate possible underlying mechanisms explain temporal changes.

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and infection: review of the epidemiology, mechanisms and principles of treatment

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(7), P. 1168 - 1180

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

Abstract An association between diabetes and infection has been recognised for many years, with being an important cause of death morbidity in people diabetes. The COVID-19 pandemic re-kindled interest the complex relationship infection. Some infections occur almost exclusively diabetes, often high mortality rates without early diagnosis treatment. However, more commonly, is a complicating factor infections. A reciprocal occurs whereby certain their treatments may also increase risk People have 1.5- to 4-fold increased risks are most pronounced kidney infection, osteomyelitis foot but pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, skin general sepsis. Outcomes from worse notable example twofold higher rate COVID-19. Hyperglycaemia deleterious effects on immune response. Vascular insufficiency neuropathy, together altered skin, mucosal gut microbial colonisation, contribute Vaccination although efficacy immunisations be compromised, particularly presence hyperglycaemia. principles treatment largely follow those population exceptions. Graphical

Language: Английский

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated disruptions in health-care provision on clinical outcomes in people with diabetes: a systematic review

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 132 - 148

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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The INNODIA Type 1 Diabetes Natural History Study: a European cohort of newly diagnosed children, adolescents and adults

Diabetologia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 67(6), P. 995 - 1008

Published: March 22, 2024

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Type 1 diabetes is an heterogenous condition. Characterising factors explaining differences in individual’s clinical course and treatment response will have important research implications. Our aim was to explore type heterogeneity, as assessed by characteristics, autoantibodies, beta cell function glycaemic outcomes, during the first 12 months from diagnosis, how it relates age at diagnosis. Methods Data were collected large INNODIA cohort of individuals (aged 1.0–45.0 years) newly diagnosed with diabetes, followed 3 monthly, assess C-peptide, HbA 1c diabetes-associated antibodies, their changes, across three groups: <10 years; 10–17 ≥18 years. Results The study population included 649 (57.3% male; 12.1±8.3 years), 96.9% whom positive for one or more diabetes-related antibodies. Baseline (IQR) fasting C-peptide 242.0 (139.0–382.0) pmol/l (AUC 749.3 [466.2–1106.1] × min), levels increasing ( p <0.001). Over time, remained lower participants aged years but declined all groups. In parallel, glucose progressively increased. Lower baseline BMI SD score presence diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosis associated stimulated over time. decreased <0.001), whereas insulin requirement increased post Conclusions/interpretation this we identified age-related biochemical variables. Of note, younger children there no main its rate decline. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Covid 19 and diabetes in children: advances and strategies

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a notable increase in incidence of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Simultaneously, children diagnosed with type 1 (T1D) have encountered difficulties maintaining optimal blood glucose levels. The mechanisms underpinning these correlations still remain puzzle. We reviewed studies that examined changes during pandemic. These utilized various metrics for comparison, which encompassed timing data collection, diagnostic criteria, as well numbers rates DKA. found DKA was higher As to mechanisms, invivo invitro study revealed factors such direct viral damage, metabolic dysfunction, immune responses all attribute process T1D after suffering from COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some useful strategies prevent treat Strong observed between Insights gleaned clinical descriptions basic research can offer valuable experience recommendations treatment prevention future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Incidence Trends of Type 1 Diabetes in Estonian Children (1983–2022) and the Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Pediatric Diabetes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: The annual incidence rate (IR) of childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among Estonian children under 15 years age was 12.6 cases per 100,000 between 1983 and 2006, with the highest IR occurring in 10–14‐year‐old group. Notably, 0–4‐year‐old group saw most significant increase, at 9.3%. Objective: This study aims to determine trends T1DM from 2022, focusing on period 2007 2022. Additionally, evaluates impact COVID‐19 pandemic this population. Subjects Methods: retrospective cohort gathered data 2022 using population‐based registries Estonia’s paediatric medical centers. Preceding were sourced previous publications. subjects divided into three groups, segmented five time periods, each spanning 8 years. Results: From 1104 new diagnosed Estonia, a crude 32.9 persons year (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.9–34.8). 10–14‐year (40.5 year) CI 36.7–44.3). On average, grew by 1.6% during for all groups combined. growth 5–9‐year‐old group, an increase 2.9% (relative risk [RR] 1.23, 95% 1.0–1.5). ever recorded Estonia 2021, fatality COVID‐19, 45.8 26.9–54.8). Conclusions: continues rise, notable spike 2021 peak pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Remission Period in Children With Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID‐19 Pandemic‐Results From the DPV Registry

Pediatric Diabetes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

To investigate whether the remission period in type 1 diabetes, as measured by insulin-dose adjusted A1c (IDAA1C), was affected COVID-19 pandemic. Data from 7603 children and adolescents with diabetes prospective follow-up (DPV) registry were available. We compared two time periods of onset, 2020/2021 vs. 2018/2019. IDAA1C prevalence (IDAA1c < 9%) analyzed using logistic linear regression models for age groups (0.5-<6, 6-<12, 12-<18 years), sex, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, insulin pumps, sensor-augmented pumps (SAPs) or automated delivery (AID) BMI categories (<90. percentile BMI, 90. -<97. 97. -<99.5 > = 99.5 BMI) immigrant background. three analyzed: 3-5 months, 6-10 11-13 months after diagnosis diabetes. Compared to prepandemic period, during pandemic significantly higher (mean estimated differences 0.26 [95% confidence interval 0.17; 0.35], p 0.001), but not difference 0.08 [-0.01; 0.17], p=0.07; -0.03 [-0.12; 0.07], p=0.60), reflecting a lower percentage patients months. Reasons may be changes autoimmune progression pandemic, lack physical activities, increased stress psychological burden, altered access care delayed Underlying causes need evaluated future studies.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating the Underlying Mechanisms of the Marked Increase in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic—The Diabetes Pandemic

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. e2321231 - e2321231

Published: June 30, 2023

Daniel D'Souza, BHSc; Jessica Empringham, MD; Petros Pechlivanoglou, PhD; Elizabeth M. Uleryk, MLS; Eyal Cohen, MD, MSc; Rayzel Shulman, PhD

Language: Английский

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Double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of convalescent plasma for COVID-19: analyses by neutralising antibodies homologous to recipients’ variants

Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(6), P. 423 - 433

Published: March 21, 2024

Convalescent plasma (CP) emerged as potential treatment for COVID-19 early in the pandemic. While efficacy hospitalised patients has been lacklustre, CP may be beneficial at first stages of disease. Despite multiple new variants emerging, no trials have involved analyses on variant-specific antibody titres CP.

Language: Английский

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Increased Severity of Presentation Signs in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tertiary Center Experience

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80(3), P. 161 - 170

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an important complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) which worsened when the diagnosis T1DM delayed. The aim this study was to evaluate presentation patterns, severity, autoantibody status, and seasonal variability newly diagnosed patients during pandemic period 2 years compared those in pre-pandemic period.

Language: Английский

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