Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1094 - 1094

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a prevalent chronic disease affecting over 400 million people globally, is driven by genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenesis involves insulin resistance β-cell dysfunction, mediated mechanisms such as the dedifferentiation of β-cells, mitochondrial oxidative stress. Treatment should be based on non-pharmacological therapy. Strategies increased physical activity, dietary modifications, cognitive-behavioral therapy are important in maintaining normal glycemia. Advanced therapies, including SGLT2 inhibitors GLP-1 receptor agonists, complement these treatments offer solid glycemic control, weight reduced cardiovascular risk. Complications T2DM, diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, underscore need for early diagnosis comprehensive management to improve patient outcomes quality life.

Language: Английский

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Association between cardiovascular health and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Evidence concerning the effect of cardiovascular health (CVH) on risk metabolic dysfunctional-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is scarce. This study aimed to investigate association between CVH and MASLD. 5680 adults aged ≥ 20 years from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-March 2020 were included. Life's essential 8 (LE8) was applied assess CVH. Weighted binary logistic regression employed calculate odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI) with Restricted cubic spline (RCS) conducted explore dose-response LE8 its subscales scores Among participants, 724, 3901, 1055 had low, moderate, high levels, respectively, a MASLD diagnosis prevalence 36.83%. In fully adjusted model, ORs for 0.50 (95% CI, 0.37–0.69) participants moderate 0.21 0.13–0.34) those CVH, when compared low (P < 0.001 trend). OR 0.68 0.61–0.77) each 10-point increase in score. RCS model demonstrated non-linear relationship score factors MASLD, while linear found behaviors Subgroup analysis showed consistent negative correlation sensitivity validated reliability these findings. Higher associated lower Encouraging adherence optimal levels may help mitigate burden

Language: Английский

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Clusters of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease for precision medicine

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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HOMA-IR and TyG index differ for their relationship with dietary, anthropometric, inflammatory factors and capacity to predict cardiovascular risk

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112103 - 112103

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Association between visceral fat area and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal body weight: insights from a Chinese health screening dataset

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly diagnosed in individuals with normal body weight, and visceral fat emerges as a significant risk factor. However, the relationship between area (VFA) MetS within this population remains inadequately explored, diagnostic threshold for normal-weight yet to be established. Methods This study used cross-sectional design combined longitudinal cohort analysis. Data were collected from 5,944 participants who underwent health screenings at Henan Provincial People’s Hospital of China October 2018 2024. VFA was measured via multislice computed tomography scanning, VFA-based tertile categorization applied among participants. The examined using univariate multivariate logistic regression analyses. Nonlinear investigated by restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling, accuracy determined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve Furthermore, data completed three or more construct Kaplan–Meier survival curves events, significance tested log-rank method. Results Among BMI, elevated associated high incidence MetS. After adjustment confounders, significantly [odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.25]. subjects highest showed (OR 30.33; CI: 19.00–48.43, P < 0.001) versus those lowest tertile. RCS model demonstrated nonlinear, positive association ( nonlinearity 0.001), escalation slowing down when exceeded 100 cm². ROC analysis that had compared other abdominal measures (AUC 0.844, sensitivity 0.839, specificity 0.793, 0.785). In subset 398 followed 6 years, 106 cases occurred, cumulative rising increased (log-rank test, 0.001). Conclusion shows an independent, individuals, effect 162.85 cm² may serve accurate effective predictor population.

Language: Английский

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Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. 279 - 279

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic (dysfunction)-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affect a growing number of individuals worldwide. T2D MASLD often coexist substantially elevate the risk adverse hepatic cardiovascular clinical outcomes. Several common pathogenetic mechanisms are responsible for onset progression, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress, low-grade inflammation, among others. The latter can also be induced by gut microbiota its derived metabolites. Natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) have been reported their therapeutic potential in both MASLD. A large amount evidence obtained from trials suggests that like berberine, curcumin, soluble fibers, omega-3 fatty acids exhibit significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective activity humans may employed as adjunct therapy management. In this review, role most studied NBCs management is discussed, emphasizing recent supporting these compounds' efficacy safety. Also, prebiotics act against dysfunction modulating evaluated.

Language: Английский

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Golgi Protein 73 (GP73) for Liver Fibrosis Staging in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Scoping Review and Cohort Study

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 544 - 544

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a transmembrane expressed by epithelial cells of the bile duct in normal liver. High serum levels GP73 have been detected patients with acute or chronic liver diseases, MASLD, and its measurement has suggested as potential biomarker for fibrosis staging. We evaluated utility diagnosis MASH, Methods: performed literature scoping review to map current evidence about accuracy MASLD. searched Medline EMBASE English studies reporting an AUC value diagnosing MASLD MASH evaluating A narrative synthesis was conducted. Moreover, we observational study including 84 which 60 were biopsy-confirmed different stages, 15 healthy controls. Serum determined using chemiluminescent assay reported mean standard deviation (SD). Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, optimal cut-off calculated. Data considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: Available ability discriminate from simple steatosis distinguish at fibrotic but still scarce. Our experimental showed that 30 ± 12 ng/mL 32 higher than those control group (19 ng/mL), increasing stage F0 F4. significantly advanced controls no (p > 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated had good diagnostic (AUROC 0.85; SE 90%; SP 73%), 0.75; 82%; SP64%), 0.7; 56%; 79%) better other biomarkers diseases. Conclusions: could support clinicians evaluation fibrosis.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): Emerging Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

Livers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: March 4, 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD), is the most common cause of chronic worldwide. Characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation, this encompasses a spectrum from simple steatosis to more severe forms, including steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Emerging evidence highlights pivotal role gut dysbiosis in pathogenesis MASLD. Dysbiosis disrupts gut–liver axis, an intricate communication network that regulates metabolic, immune, barrier functions. Alterations microbiota composition, increased permeability, translocation pro-inflammatory metabolites/factors have been shown trigger inflammatory fibrotic cascades, exacerbating inflammation injury. Recent studies identified microbiome signatures associated with MASLD, offering promise non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers paving way for new potential therapeutic strategies targeting dysbiosis. This review explores crucial MASLD need further targeted research field validate microbial optimize strategies. Comprehensive understanding axis may enable innovative approaches, transforming clinical management

Language: Английский

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Representation of Sex, Race and Ethnicity in MASH Randomised Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Liver International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(4)

Published: March 3, 2025

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have historically underrepresented female, racial ethnic minorities across various fields. This systematic review meta‐analysis aims to examine the global distribution, reporting participation of diverse groups based on sex, race ethnicity in focused metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Methods PubMed Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for MASH RCTs (through December 13, 2024) that included any pharmacotherapy as an intervention arm. qualitatively reviewed assess their distribution populations. A proportions was performed using a generalised linear mixed model. Results One hudred nine studies identified, data from 112 19 516 participants. Of 49 countries conducted trials, 34 high‐income (69.4%). Sex, reported 111 (99.1%), 69 (61.6%) 56 (50.0%) RCTs, respectively, with improving recent years. We found no sexual gender minorities. The pooled White, Asian, Black Hispanic/Latino 54.23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.31–57.12), 87.63% CI: 85.37–89.58), 4.95% 3.42–7.10), 2.27% 1.89–2.71) 31.42% 26.61–36.66), respectively. Meta‐regressions showed trend toward more White participants over time. Conclusions Although female representation has increased time, are trials. These provide overview participant call collaborative efforts among researchers, sponsors, regulators other relevant stakeholders improve diversity these

Language: Английский

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Metabolic effects and mechanism of action of the pan PPAR agonist Lanifibranor

Journal of Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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