Depth inversion illusion and its relationship to positive symptoms in clinical and non-clinical voice hearers

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Among people with schizophrenia (PSZ), positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions are often conceptualised resulting from abnormal top-down modulation of sensory information. PSZ exhibit reduced susceptibility to visual illusions compared healthy control subjects (HCS), suggesting that impairments yield enhanced perception stimuli would otherwise be distorted by contextualising elements. However, it remains unknown whether resistance is uniquely associated symptoms, or if some other aspect serious mental illness. To examine this question, 77 PSZ, 50 HCS, 40 individuals who hear voices hold unusual beliefs but do not have a psychiatric illness (nonclinical voice hearers; NCVH) completed hollow mask illusion task. HCS reported experiencing the significantly more than NCVH at trend level, whereas latter two groups did differ one another. Additionally, there was no consistent association between symptom severity for either NCVH. We interpret these results indicate may mark vulnerability holding beliefs; however, symptoms.

Language: Английский

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God, Golf, and the Statistical Brain

International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 6

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Predictive coding and phenomenological approaches of delusions: convergence and differences

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 497 - 498

Published: May 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Predictive coding and phenomenological approaches of delusions: convergence and differences – Authors' reply

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 498 - 498

Published: May 2, 2024

We thank Jasper Feyaerts and colleagues for their thoughtful comments appreciate this chance to address concern that our Personal View struggles accommodate the phenomenon of a dual reality or "double bookkeeping".1Bleuler E Zinkin J Dementia praecox group schizophrenias. International Universities Press, New York1950Google Scholar To begin with clarification, amortised inference is not "top-down initial best guess". Rather, fundamentally bottom-up, acting set posterior inferences at all levels hierarchy almost simultaneously.2Tschantz A Millidge B Seth AK Buckley CL Hybrid predictive coding: inferring, fast slow.PLOS Comput Biol. 2023; 19e1011280Google In presenting example ("if 2x=20, what x?"3Harding JN Wolpe N Brugger SP et al.A new coding model more comprehensive account delusions.Lancet Psychiatry. 2024; 11: 295-302Summary Full Text PDF Scopus (0) Google Scholar), we sought illustrate how process shifts brain instantaneously into particular space reasoning, which accords idea an "ontological transformation". This illustration shows approach can suggest could have suboptimal biasing effect on overall inferential in situations uncertainty ambiguity. because, under such conditions, amortisation might be likely initialise near local minimum. The iterative will subsequently trap agent inference. Prediction error minimisation still proceeds, but way final determined by (rather than global) speculate occupation minimum would generate coherent narrow (perhaps, words colleagues, "a quasi-solipsistic") slice coexist with, even if it contradicts, broader based "intersubjective" reality. Operating between these two parallel realities—what supposed true experientially true—could result belief itself becoming porous concept.4Wang EW Collected Schizophrenias: Essays. Graywolf Minneapolis, MN2019Google Seemingly incongruous realities interpreted as such. respect, hybrid account2Tschantz Scholar, 3Harding does seem epistemically just its recognition profoundly different experience reality, within reasoning fully understood. PCF has received consulting fees from Ninja Theory Hooke London. All other authors declare no competing interests. delusionsAttempts understand psychosis—the altered perceptions beliefs—raise questions about models world. Standard approaches so minimising mismatches incoming sensory evidence predictions. By adjusting predictions, converge iteratively guess nature Recent arguments shown modified version framework—hybrid coding—provides better healthy agents make external Full-Text Predictive phenomenological delusions: convergence differencesIn View, Jessica Harding colleagues1 present updated delusions psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, aimed offer distinctive features. As explicit attempt bring computational analysis closer together explaining delusions, applaud authors' original constructive proposal. Correspondence, take opportunity reflect, perspective researchers, consider strengths potential limitations canonical accounts delusions.

Language: Английский

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Bridging Perspectives - A Review and Synthesis of 52 Theoretical Models of Delusions (Preprint)

Published: June 10, 2024

The degree to which numerous existing models of delusion formation disagree or propose common mechanisms remains unclear. To achieve a comprehensive understanding aetiology, we summarised 52 theoretical delusions extracted from systematic literature search. We identified central aspects and unique overarching features five core perspectives: cognitive (n=22), associative learning (n=4), social (n=5), neurobiological (n=6), Bayesian inference (n=15). These perspectives differ in foci mechanistic explanations. Whereas some postulate result operant learning, others assume disbalance the integration prior beliefs sensory input emphasise relevance information processing biases. Postulated moderators range maladaptive generalised over neurocognitive impairment dopamine, stress, affective dysregulation. also whether they attempt explain general delusional content (i.e., persecutory). Finally, functional delusions, such as insight relief. Despite their differences, converge on idea that form an explanation for experienced ambiguity. Building this ground, integrative framework incorporating essential explanations each perspective discuss its implications research clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive and Computational Accounts of Delusions: Problems and Progress

Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bridging perspectives - A review and synthesis of 53 theoretical models of delusions

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 102510 - 102510

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Concept of Innate Sexual Priors in the Brain: A Theory on Why We Are Attracted to What We Are Attracted to

Sexuality & Culture, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 636 - 666

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Abstract Sexuality is an integral part of human nature, yet we know little about its origins and underlying mechanisms. Understanding how the brain processes sexual stimuli crucial for advancing our knowledge sexuality variations. Only if a stimulus was internally evaluated as ‘attractive’ information can progress to evoke desire or arousal. Importantly, such evaluation require internal reference against which external compared. These processes, however, remain largely unexplored, hence still do not understand why are attracted what to. By synthesizing existing literature integrating models, this narrative review proposes novel neuroscientific framework on sexuality, addressing key theoretical gaps. As result, concept priors in introduced. Within framework, refer mental ‘images’ representing collection stored regard sexually attractive. Such representations act early stimuli. It suggested that (partly) innate sex-specific, contributing heterosexuality. Evolutionary aspects could explain development these discussed. Furthermore, provides possible explanations variations orientation through potential cross-sex shifts prior content. The refinement content over time may diversity interests attraction patterns among humans. Moreover, be applied variety psychiatric conditions related atypical maladaptive behaviors. A proposition put forward regarding areas networks involved formation priors, serving targets future research. In summary, by into models processing, article fills gaps while inspiring further This work aims enhance understanding ultimately increase social awareness, foster tolerance, promote psychological well-being.

Language: Английский

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How dopamine shapes trust beliefs

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111206 - 111206

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Emotional Dysregulation and Attention

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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