Successional theories

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(6), P. 2049 - 2077

Published: July 16, 2023

ABSTRACT Succession is a fundamental concept in ecology because it indicates how species populations, communities, and ecosystems change over time on new substrate or after disturbance. A mechanistic understanding of succession needed to predict will respond land‐use design effective ecosystem restoration strategies. Yet, despite century conceptual advances comprehensive successional theory lacking. Here we provide an overview 19 theories (‘models’) their key points, group them based similarity, explain development ideas suggestions move forward. Four groups models can be recognised. The first ( patch & plants ) focuses at the level consists three subgroups that originated early 20th century. One subgroup processes (dispersal, establishment, performance) operate sequentially during succession. Another emphasises individualistic responses succession, this driven by traits. last vegetation structure underlying demographic second provides more holistic view considering ecosystem, its biota, interactions, diversity, processes. third landscape considers larger spatial scale includes effect surrounding matrix as distance neighbouring patches determines potential for seed dispersal, quality abundance composition sources biotic dispersal vectors. fourth socio‐ecological systems human component focusing where management practices have long‐lasting legacies pathways regrowing vegetations deliver range services local global stakeholders. four differ (patch, landscape) organisational (plant species, system), increase scope, reflect increasingly broader perspective time. They coincide approximately with periods prevailing time, although all views still coexist. are: (from 1910 onwards) was seen through lens replacement; communities 1965 when there succession; landscapes 2000 realised strongly impact pathways, increased remote‐sensing technology allowed better quantification context; people 2015 societal drivers strong effects are important well‐being, most successful done people. Our review suggests hierarchical framework Pickett best starting point forward already several factors, flexible, enabling application different systems. mainly replacement could improved occurring scales (population, community, integrating recent developments other models: (landscape, region), temporal (ecosystem centuries, evolution), taking (landscape integrity composition, disperser community) factors (previous current intensity) into account. Such new, tested using combination empirical research, experiments, process‐based modelling novel tools. Applying seres across broadscale environmental disturbance gradients allows insight what matter under conditions.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology of Disturbance Interactions

BioScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(10), P. 854 - 870

Published: Aug. 20, 2020

Abstract Global change has been accompanied by recent increases in the frequency and intensity of various ecological disturbances (e.g., fires, floods, cyclones), both natural anthropogenic origin. Because these often interact, their cumulative synergistic effects can result unforeseen consequences, such as insect outbreaks, crop failure, progressive ecosystem degradation. We consider roles biological legacies, thresholds, lag responsible for distinctive impacts interacting disturbances. propose a hierarchical classification that distinguishes patterns implications associated with random co-occurrences, individual links, multiple links among cascade chains or networks. Disturbance-promoting interactions apparently prevail over disturbance-inhibiting ones. Complex exogenous disturbance cascades are less predictable than simple endogenous because dependency on adjacent synchronous events. These distinctions help define regional regimes have selection, risk assessment, options management intervention.

Language: Английский

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Plant Strategies

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 27, 2023

Abstract Plants have evolved a remarkable array of adaptive solutions to the existential problem survival and reproduction in world where disturbances can be deadly, resources are scarce, competition is cutthroat. inherited phenotypic traits that increased their chance success, these indicators strategies for establishment survival. A plant strategy thought as “how species sustains population” (Westoby, 1998, p. 214) because all successful must positive demographic outcomes habitats which they adapted. This book aims articulate coherent framework studying unifies demography with functional ecology advance prediction ecology. Central this traits: heritable morphological, physiological, phenological attributes plants influence therefore drive fitness differences among species.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive framework for vegetation succession

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Succession is defined as a directional change in species populations, the community, and ecosystem at site following disturbance. fundamental concept ecology it links different disciplines. An improved understanding of succession urgently needed Anthropocene to predict widespread effects global on recovery, but comprehensive successional framework (CSF) lacking. A CSF synthesize results, draw generalizations, advance theory, make decisions for restoration. We first show that an integral part socio‐ecological system dynamics driven by social ecological factors operating spatial scales, ranging from patch globe. then present local scale (patch landscape) which takes place explain underlying processes mechanisms scale. The reflects increasingly broader perspective includes recent theoretical advances not only focusing replacement also development, considering system, taking effect past current land use, landscape context, biotic interactions, feedback loops into account. discuss how can be used integrate studies, its implications

Language: Английский

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The importance of species addition ‘versus’ replacement varies over succession in plant communities after glacier retreat

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 256 - 267

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Feedback loops drive ecological succession: towards a unified conceptual framework

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 99(3), P. 928 - 949

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT The core principle shared by most theories and models of succession is that, following a major disturbance, plant–environment feedback dynamics drive directional change in the plant community. commonly studied loops are those which regrowth community causes changes to abiotic (e.g. soil nutrients) or biotic dispersers) environment, differentially affect species availability performance. This, turn, leads shifts composition However, there many other PE that potentially succession, each can be considered model succession. While generate predictable successional trajectories, generally observed highly variable. Factors contributing this variability stochastic processes involved dynamics, such as individual mortality seed dispersal, extrinsic not affected but do performance availability. Both lead variation identity dominant within communities. further contingencies if these differ their effect on environment (priority effects). Predictability thus intrinsically linked features ecological We present new conceptual framework integrates propositions discussed above. This defines seven general causes: landscape context, disturbance land‐use, factors, availability, performance, When loop, when not, they create trajectories dynamics. proposed provides guide for linking into causal pathways represent specific Our represents systematic approach identifying main at different stages. It used comparisons among study sites along environmental gradients, conceptualise studies, formulation research questions design field studies. Mapping an extensive onto our revealed representing study's empirical outcomes had important differences, underlining need move beyond currently dominate fields find ways examine importance interactions alternative To aim, we argue integrating long‐term studies across anthropogenic combined with controlled experiments dynamic modelling.

Language: Английский

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Novel Ecosystems in the Urban-Industrial Landscape–Interesting Aspects of Environmental Knowledge Requiring Broadening: A Review

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(17), P. 10829 - 10829

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Human activity is affecting and transforming the natural environment, changing ecosystem mosaic biogeochemical processes in urban-industrial landscapes. Among anthropogenic ecosystems, there are many present features of Novel Ecosystems (NE), e.g., de novo created habitats on post-mineral excavation sites. The biological nature functional mechanisms mostly unknown. In semi-natural biodiversity considered as primary element influencing functioning. preliminary studies conducted sites have shown that, poor oligotrophic habitats, species composition assembled vascular plants non-analogous, distinctive, not found habitats. This paper aims to gaps between scientific identification driving functioning (including expanding areas novo). identified gaps, following issues should be listed. detailed understanding biodiversity-dependent crucial for proper environmental management, particularly when facing challenges ecological constraints global change. ecology a social economic issue because relationships with densely populated areas.

Language: Английский

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Changes in above- versus belowground biomass distribution in permafrost regions in response to climate warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(25)

Published: June 10, 2024

Permafrost regions contain approximately half of the carbon stored in land ecosystems and have warmed at least twice as much any other biome. This warming has influenced vegetation activity, leading to changes plant composition, physiology, biomass storage aboveground belowground components, ultimately impacting ecosystem balance. Yet, little is known about causes magnitude long-term above- ratio plants (η). Here, we analyzed η values using 3,013 plots 26,337 species-specific measurements across eight sites on Tibetan Plateau from 1995 2021. Our analysis revealed distinct temporal trends for three types: a 17% increase alpine wetlands, decrease 26% 48% meadows steppes, respectively. These were primarily driven by temperature-induced growth preferences rather than shifts species composition. findings indicate that wetter ecosystems, climate promotes growth, while drier such allocate more belowground. Furthermore, observed threefold strengthening effect over past 27 y. Soil moisture was found modulate sensitivity soil temperature but not wetlands. results contribute better understanding processes driving response distribution warming, which crucial predicting future trajectory permafrost feedback.

Language: Английский

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Plant Species and Functional Diversity of Novel Forests Growing on Coal Mine Heaps Compared with Managed Coniferous and Deciduous Mixed Forests

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 730 - 730

Published: April 22, 2024

(1): The Upper Silesia region of Poland is one the most extensively altered regions Europe due to human activity, especially coal mining. (2): We used cluster analysis examine floristic composition three classified forest communities: forests developed on post-coal mine mineral heaps (HF), mixed deciduous (DECI), and managed secondary coniferous (CON). Vegetation data were collected from 44 randomly selected plots, plant traits connected with persistence, dispersal, regeneration taken commonly trait databases. (3): Higher species richness, diversity, evenness (36, 2.7, 0.76, respectively) calculated for HF plots compared those DECI (22, 1.9, 0.62) CON (18, 2.0, 0.71) plots. functional richness (0.173, 0.76) divergence determined (FRic 0.090, FDiv 0.026, 0.69). In contrast, substrate had significantly lower soil respiration (0.76 mg-CO2 h/m2) substrates both (0.90 0.96 h/m2, respectively); (4): A set complex abiotic stresses which plants suffer spoil shaped different patterns taxonomic diversity. These findings demonstrate importance investigating successional aspects carbon dynamics de novo have in urban industrial areas.

Language: Английский

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Living at the Edge: Increasing Stress for Plants 2–13 Years After the Retreat of a Tropical Glacier

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 2, 2021

Rapid warming is a major threat for the alpine biodiversity but, at same time, accelerated glacial retreat constitutes an opportunity taxa and communities to escape range contraction or extinction. We explored first steps of plant primary succession after under assumption that few years are critical success establishment. To this end, we examined along very short post-glacial chronosequence in tropical Andes Ecuador (2–13 retreat). recorded location all individuals within area 4,200 m 2 divided into plots 1 . This sampling made it possible measure responses microenvironment, diversity plants traits time since retreat. It also produce species-area curves estimate positive interactions between species. Decreases soil temperature, moisture, macronutrients revealed increasing abiotic stress two 13 seemingly explained lack correlation might explain decreasing performance both population (lower height) community levels species richness lower accumulation per area). Meanwhile, infrequent spatial associations among indicated facilitation deficit animal-dispersed were almost absent. Although presence 21 on such small sampled seven could look like colonization place, may partly erase success, reducing frequency patches without vegetation. fine-grain distribution study sheds new light nature's effects climate change cold biomes, suggesting faster would not necessarily result colonization. Results exploratory require site replications generalization.

Language: Английский

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