The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 13, 2020

Written by leaders in the addictions field, 100 authors from six countries, this handbook is a thoroughly comprehensive resource. Philosophical and legal issues are addressed, while conceptual underpinnings provided through explanations of appetitive motivation, incentive sensitization, reward deficiency, behavioral economics theories. Major clinical research methods clearly mapped out (e.g. MRI, economics, interview assessments, qualitative approaches), outlining their strengths weaknesses, giving reader tools needed to guide practice aims. The etiology addiction at various levels analysis discussed, including neurobiology, cognition, groups, culture, environment, which simultaneously lays foundations high-level discourse serve both novice expert researchers clinicians. Importantly, volume explores prevention treatment such as alcohol, tobacco, novel drugs, food, gambling, sex, work, shopping, internet, several seldom-investigated behaviors love, tanning, or exercise).

Language: Английский

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The Prevention and Treatment of Gambling Disorders: Some Art, Some Science

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 241 - 253

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

The landscape of gambling has dramatically changed. In addition to more and jurisdictions having casinos, electronic machines, lotteries sports wagering in close proximity individuals, online increased. Gambling moved from being a negatively perceived activity associated with sin vice its current state viewed as socially acceptable recreational pastime. Upwards 80 percent individuals report gambled for money during their lifetime, governments throughout the world have come recognize that regulated forms can be significant source revenue. While vast majority no gambling-related issues, an identifiable proportion both adults adolescents experience problems. spite growing body research which identified many risk protective factors excessive problematic gambling, limited number prevention treatment programs exist. This chapter examines knowledge concerning efficacy existing harm minimization disorders.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral Economic Considerations of Novel Addictions and Nonaddictive Behavior: Research and Analytic Methods

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 73 - 86

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Behavioral economics is a subfield of behavioral psychology that integrates microeconomic principles with the experimental analysis behavior. Decades economic work have identified two concepts robustly related to issues risky health decisions and addictions: discounting operant demand. Discounting phenomenon wherein uncertain or delayed outcomes lose value, often resulting in myopic (e.g., choosing short-term benefits heroin use over long-term healthy behaviors). Operant demand describes organisms' persistent efforts maintain access reward. Collectively, comprise reinforcement pathology model unhealthy behavior, counterproductive excessive coalesce render reward preferences. This may help explain addictions, dependence, other issues. chapter history demand, common tasks derive indices hypothetical purchasing task, range applications novel nonaddictive behaviors literature, date.

Language: Английский

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Mindfulness-Based Interventions Applied to Addiction Treatments

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 409 - 417

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), founded on the meditation practices outlined in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program and historically rooted contemplative traditions, offer one mental framework to address unique needs of individuals suffering from causes consequences substance behavioral addictions. MBIs are considered a third wave empirically tested psychotherapies following therapy cognitive-behavioral therapy, respectively. MBI-proposed targets change include self-regulation, self-exploration, self-liberation; together, an important set capacities or skills break cycle addiction. In this chapter, we describe development adapted for variety We focus use disorders (SUD) binge-eating disorder (BED) due similarities addictive neurobiological processes (both may be addictions, BED as proxy food addiction), though other addictions also discussed. then critically review leading experimental trials that test efficacy mechanisms addiction behavior among people diagnosed with SUD BED. Based results available date, treatment effects par clinically accepted treatments. However, several methodological limitations make interpretation internal validity reliability these difficult assess. discuss strengths state evidence date provide suggestions future research emphasis fidelity its role improving study findings. expect our synthesis inform public value applying remediate behavior.

Language: Английский

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Considering the Overlap and Nonoverlap of Compulsivity, Impulsivity, and Addiction

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 373 - 385

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Impulsivity and compulsivity are the defining features of various psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, obsessive–compulsive behavioral substance addictions. Once thought to be diametrically opposed, impulsivity increasingly recognized as orthogonal symptom dimensions that linked by shared neurobiological mechanisms. This chapter selectively reviews from a transdiagnostic perspective. It begins discussing neurobiology relationship these constructs addictive disorders. The then discusses clinical specific compulsive impulsive disorders (as well gambling putative addiction), with focus on comorbidity treatment. complex interrelationships among compulsive, impulsive, have implications for how assessed treated.

Language: Английский

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Neurobiological Foundations of Behavioral Addictions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 136 - 151

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

In the past few decades, notion of what constitutes addictive behavior has expanded to include nonsubstance-related behaviors. The World Health Organization recently recognized gambling and gaming disorders as behaviors, there been support in field compulsive sexual behaviors well. Considerable for reclassification these from impulse-control come studies showing neurobiological similarities with substance use disorders. Behavioral addictions have found similar correlates each other on multiple levels analysis such alterations availability receptors mesolimbic pathways, amplitudes cue-induced late potentials, frontostriatal activity during reward-based tasks. implicated neuropathological features inclusion nonsubstance

Language: Английский

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Multiple Memory Systems, Addiction, and Health Habits: New Routes for Translational Science

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 152 - 170

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Several decades of basic research support the neural basis multiple memory systems. These systems are highly relevant to all health behaviors, since behaviors learned from experience and require some form process retain learning affect subsequent action. Research on neuroscience appetitive has rigorously studied motivational processes involved in such as drug use, diet, sex. However, very little this otherwise stellar attempted integrate its findings with system views that acknowledge wide range effects uncovered several areas. Further, good explanatory theories mostly addiction animal have not yet been integrated vast knowledge base human cognitive science. Moreover, most epidemiology, prevention, or treatment problems behavior taken into account these instead focused methods derived primarily survey research. Yet, areas science study behavior, prevailing focus prevention concepts may be channeled by training investigators disciplinary history. This chapter provides one example how disparate literatures might advance our understanding class derive new possibilities for intervention. It highlights examples key supporting need a greater translational effort but also large gaps knowledge. Future filling others void between compelling domains could substantially change addictions habit-forming behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Tanning as an Addiction: The State of the Research and Implications for Intervention

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 362 - 372

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Skin cancer is a major public health issue with global rates of disease steadily on the rise. Intentional tanning behaviors, including sunbathing and indoor tanning, are high-risk practices strongly associated an increased risk skin cancer. Despite known risks, both outdoor remain popular, particularly among young adult non-Hispanic white women. While all increases cancer, in subset those who tan behavior becomes frequent excessive, addiction-like properties. "Tanning addiction" thus characteristics other addictions such as craving for behavior, reinforcing effect, inability to quit, resulting adverse consequences related behavior. Motivations driving addiction may stem from psychological factors appearance norms physiologic effects exposure ultraviolet light brain reward pathways influencing mood. In this chapter we present concept addiction, reviewing its definition, measurement, prevalence population, outlining empirical evidence behavioral biological drivers addiction. The implications research, suggest, warrants greater attention emerging necessitates development effective prevention treatment interventions at addictive tanning.

Language: Английский

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Food versus Eating Addictions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 340 - 351

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Evidence for the idea that some individuals may experience an addictive-like response to certain foods has grown in past decade. Food addiction parallels substance use disorders suggest highly processed (e.g., chocolate, French fries) exhibit addictive potential and trigger responses vulnerable individuals. An opposing conceptualization of eating was recently developed, suggesting behavioral act be rather than foods. However, arguments a do not consider central role behaviors within are supported by preliminary research demonstrating directly contribute phenotype. The primary goal this chapter is argue substance-based, food framework most appropriate reflection current state literature more closely scientific understanding disorders. Specifically, will review theoretical debates between versus perspectives, raise concerns about discrepancies existing addictions, assessment tools addiction. Finally, implications stigma, intervention, future discussed.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral Economics and Addictive Disorders

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 12 - 22

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Addictive disorders effect millions of people and have an economic impact that continues to grow each year. Although research is making headway in dealing with addictive substances behavioral disorders, finding underlying mechanisms span across less common. Behavioral economics one continually developing refining tool researchers been using as a means understand addictions. The first, most researched area delay discounting (DD), which the subjective devaluation reward function time receiving it. Researchers use DD evaluate choice how underlies decision making; yet, they still debate whether rates are stable or change over time. Probability (PD) another piece puzzle. Commonly used gambling disorder research, PD evaluates involving chance reinforcer, opposed final major demand. This looks at amount effort resources organism willing expend access reinforcer. In this chapter these areas will be further explored understood through lens whole.

Language: Английский

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