Author comment: Drivers of change in Arctic fjord socio-ecological systems: Examples from the European Arctic — R0/PR1 DOI Creative Commons
Robert W. Schlegel

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

Fjord systems are transition zones between land and sea, resulting in complex dynamic environments. They of particular interest the Arctic as they harbour ecosystems inhabited by a rich range species provide many societal benefits. The key drivers change European (i.e., Greenland, Svalbard, Northern Norway) fjord socio-ecological reviewed here, structured into five categories: cryosphere (sea ice, glacier mass balance, glacial riverine discharge), physics (seawater temperature, salinity, light), chemistry (carbonate system, nutrients), biology (primary production, biomass, richness), social (governance, tourism, fisheries). data available for past present state these drivers, well future model projections, analysed companion paper. Changes to two at base most interactions within fjords, seawater temperature will have significant profound consequences on fjords. This is because even though governance may be effective mitigating/adapting local disruptions caused changing climate, there possibly nothing that can done halt melting glaciers, warming waters, all downstream changes have. review provides first transdisciplinary synthesis systems. Knowledge what are, how interact with one another, should more expedient focus research needs adapting Arctic.

Language: Английский

Kelp forest community structure and demography in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) across 25 years of Arctic warming DOI Creative Commons
Luisa Düsedau,

Stein Fredriksen,

Markus Brand

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract The Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is a hotspot global warming and many fjords experience continuous increase in seawater temperature glacial melt while sea‐ice cover declines. In 1996/1998, 2012–2014, 2021 macroalgal biomass species diversity were quantified at the study site Hansneset, Kongsfjorden (W‐Spitsbergen) order to identify potential changes over time. 2021, we repeated earlier studies by stratified random sampling (1 × 1 m 2 , n = 3) along sublittoral depth transect (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 m) investigated lower limits dominant brown algae between 3 19 m. maximum fresh weight (FW) all seaweeds was 11.5 kg −2 2.5 99.9% constituted kelp. Although distribution not significantly different compared 2012/2013, digitate kelp community ( Laminaria digitata / Hedophyllum nigripes ) had transformed into an Alaria esculenta ‐dominated forest. Consequently, pronounced shift forest structure occurred time as demonstrate that allocation thallus parts species‐specific. Over past decade, demography changed balanced age kelps (juveniles plus older individuals) only apparent addition, abundances declined noticeably last 25 years red algal flora abundance remained unchanged depth. We propose major factor driving observed are alterations underwater light climate, situ data showed increasing turbidity decreasing irradiance since 2012 2017, respectively. As consequence, interplay retreat levels caused coastal darkening gain with temperatures will possibly intensify future unforeseen consequences for melting coasts fjord ecosystem services.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Productivity of mixed kelp communities in an Arctic fjord exhibit tolerance to a future climate DOI Creative Commons
C. A. Miller, Frédéric Gazeau, Anaïs Lebrun

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 930, P. 172571 - 172571

Published: April 23, 2024

Arctic fjords are considered to be one of the ecosystems changing most rapidly in response climate change. In Svalbard archipelago, experiencing a shift environmental conditions due Atlantification waters and retreat sea-terminating glaciers. These changes predicted facilitate expansion large, brown macroalgae, into new ice-free regions. The potential resilience macroalgal benthic communities these fjord systems will depend on their combined pressures from freshening glacial melt, exposure warmer waters, increased turbidity meltwater runoff which reduces light penetration. Current predictions, however, have limited ability elucidate future impacts multiple-drivers with respect ecosystem function biogeochemical cycling fjords. To assess impact productivity resilience, we conducted two-month mesocosm experiment exposing mixed kelp three comprising temperature (+ 3.3 + 5.3°C), seawater by ∼ 3.0 5.0 units (i.e., salinity 30 28, respectively), decreased photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, - 25 40 %). Exposure treatments resulted non-significant differences short-term productivity, tolerance photosynthetic capacity across treatment conditions. We present first robust estimates community production Kongsfjorden place median compensation irradiance ∼12.5 mmol photons m

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Changes in the coastal environments and their impact on society in the Qaanaaq region, northwestern Greenland DOI Creative Commons
Shin Sugiyama, Atsushi Yamaguchi,

Tatsuya Watanabe

et al.

Polar Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 101206 - 101206

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
In-situ parameters, nutrients and dissolved carbon distribution in the water column and pore waters of Arctic fjords (Western Spitsbergen) during a melting season DOI Creative Commons
Seyed Reza Saghravani, Michael E. Böttcher, Wei‐Li Hong

et al.

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract. A nutrient distribution such as phosphate (PO₄³⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), dissolved silica (Si), total nitrogen (TN), organic (DON) together with carbon (DOC) and inorganic (DIC), was investigated during a high melting season in 2021 the western Spitsbergen fjords (Hornsund, Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden Krossfjorden). Both water column pore were for nutrients gradients. The concentrations of most measured parameters PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si, DIC showed significant changes among masses. In addition, gradients DOC revealed variability between are likely substantial sources elements column. obtained dataset reflects differences hydrography biogeochemical ecosystem function may form base further modelling physical oceanographic processes within fjord systems. All data described this paper stored Zenodo online repository https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523197 (Szymczycha et al., 2024).

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Biogeographic gradients of picoplankton diversity indicate increasing dominance of prokaryotes in warmer Arctic fjords DOI Creative Commons

Cora Hörstmann,

Tore Hattermann, Pauline C. Thomé

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 2, 2024

Abstract Climate change is opening the Arctic Ocean to increasing human impact and ecosystem changes. fjords, region’s most productive ecosystems, are sustained by a diverse microbial community at base of food web. Here we show that fjords become more prokaryotic in picoplankton (0.2–3 µm) with water temperatures. Across 21 found had proportionally trophically (autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic) picoeukaryotes, while subarctic temperate relatively trophic groups. Modeled oceanographic connectivity between suggested transport alone would create smooth gradient beta diversity largely following North Atlantic Current East Greenland Current. Deviations from this picoeukaryotes some strong regional patterns reduced effect connectivity, prokaryotes were mainly stopped their dispersal if temperature differences sites present. Fjords located high regions also generally very low alpha diversity. Ultimately, warming could induce fundamental shift eukaryotic- prokaryotic-dominated communities, profound implications for dynamics including productivity patterns.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Distributions of in situ parameters, dissolved (in)organic carbon, and nutrients in the water column and pore waters of Arctic fjords (western Spitsbergen) during a melting season DOI Creative Commons
Seyed Reza Saghravani, Michael E. Böttcher, Wei‐Li Hong

et al.

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 3419 - 3431

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract. A nutrient distribution, such as that of phosphate (PO43-), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved silica (Si), total nitrogen (TN), and organic (DON), together with carbon (DOC) inorganic (DIC), was investigated during a high-melting season in 2021 the western Spitsbergen fjords (Hornsund, Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Krossfjorden). Both water column pore were for nutrients distribution gradients. The concentrations most measured parameters, PO43-, NH4+, NO3-, Si, DIC, showed significant changes among masses. In addition, gradients DOC revealed variability between are likely substantial sources elements column. reported dataset reflects differences hydrography biogeochemical ecosystem functions may form base further modeling physical oceanographic processes within these fjords. All data discussed this communication stored Zenodo online repository at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11237340 (Szymczycha et al., 2024).

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Shaping sustainable tourism: local insights for Svalbard’s future DOI Creative Commons
Bjørn P. Kaltenborn, Julien Lebel,

Victoria Slaymark

et al.

Polar Geography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 15

Published: Sept. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Tracing marine and terrestrial biochemical signatures of particulate organic matter in an Arctic fjord (Kongsfjorden) DOI

Archana Singh,

Anand Jain, Richa Singh

et al.

Marine Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 104468 - 104468

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A dataset for investigating socio-ecological changes in Arctic fjords DOI Creative Commons
Robert W. Schlegel, Jean‐Pierre Gattuso

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 3733 - 3746

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Abstract. The collection of in situ data is generally a costly process, with the Arctic being no exception. Indeed, there has been perception that lacking sampling; however, after many years concerted effort and international collaboration, now rather well sampled, cruise expeditions every year. For example, GLODAP (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project) product greater density sampling points within than along Equator. While this useful for open-ocean processes, fjords Arctic, which serve as crucially important intersections terrestrial, coastal, marine are sampled much more ad hoc process. This not to say they but difficult source combine further analysis. It was therefore noted FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) data. To address issue, single dataset created from publicly available, predominantly seven study sites Svalbard Greenland. After finding accessing number online platforms, were amalgamated into project-wide standard, ensuring their interoperability. then uploaded PANGAEA so it can be findable reusable future. focus driven by key drivers change identified companion review paper. demonstrate usability dataset, an analysis relationship between different performed. Via use biogeochemical model, these relationships projected forward 2100 via Representative Carbon Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, 8.5. work progress, new datasets containing relevant released, will added updated version planned middle 2024. (Schlegel Gattuso, 2022) available on at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.953115. A live FACE-IT WP1 site accessed clicking “Data access” tab: https://face-it-project.github.io/WP1/ (last access: 17 August 2023).

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Comment on essd-2024-13 DOI Creative Commons

Wytze Lenstra

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract. A nutrient distribution such as phosphate (PO₄³⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), dissolved silica (Si), total nitrogen (TN), organic (DON) together with carbon (DOC) and inorganic (DIC), was investigated during a high melting season in 2021 the western Spitsbergen fjords (Hornsund, Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden Krossfjorden). Both water column pore were for nutrients gradients. The concentrations of most measured parameters PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si, DIC showed significant changes among masses. In addition, gradients DOC revealed variability between are likely substantial sources elements column. obtained dataset reflects differences hydrography biogeochemical ecosystem function may form base further modelling physical oceanographic processes within fjord systems. All data described this paper stored Zenodo online repository https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523197 (Szymczycha et al., 2024).

Language: Английский

Citations

0