Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
Abstract.
A
nutrient
distribution
such
as
phosphate
(PO₄³⁻),
ammonium
(NH₄⁺),
nitrate
(NO₃⁻),
dissolved
silica
(Si),
total
nitrogen
(TN),
organic
(DON)
together
with
carbon
(DOC)
and
inorganic
(DIC),
was
investigated
during
a
high
melting
season
in
2021
the
western
Spitsbergen
fjords
(Hornsund,
Isfjorden,
Kongsfjorden
Krossfjorden).
Both
water
column
pore
were
for
nutrients
gradients.
The
concentrations
of
most
measured
parameters
PO₄³⁻,
NH₄⁺,
NO₃⁻,
Si,
DIC
showed
significant
changes
among
masses.
In
addition,
gradients
DOC
revealed
variability
between
are
likely
substantial
sources
elements
column.
obtained
dataset
reflects
differences
hydrography
biogeochemical
ecosystem
function
may
form
base
further
modelling
physical
oceanographic
processes
within
fjord
systems.
All
data
described
this
paper
stored
Zenodo
online
repository
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523197
(Szymczycha
et
al.,
2024).
Abstract.
A
nutrient
distribution
such
as
phosphate
(PO₄³⁻),
ammonium
(NH₄⁺),
nitrate
(NO₃⁻),
dissolved
silica
(Si),
total
nitrogen
(TN),
organic
(DON)
together
with
carbon
(DOC)
and
inorganic
(DIC),
was
investigated
during
a
high
melting
season
in
2021
the
western
Spitsbergen
fjords
(Hornsund,
Isfjorden,
Kongsfjorden
Krossfjorden).
Both
water
column
pore
were
for
nutrients
gradients.
The
concentrations
of
most
measured
parameters
PO₄³⁻,
NH₄⁺,
NO₃⁻,
Si,
DIC
showed
significant
changes
among
masses.
In
addition,
gradients
DOC
revealed
variability
between
are
likely
substantial
sources
elements
column.
obtained
dataset
reflects
differences
hydrography
biogeochemical
ecosystem
function
may
form
base
further
modelling
physical
oceanographic
processes
within
fjord
systems.
All
data
described
this
paper
stored
Zenodo
online
repository
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523197
(Szymczycha
et
al.,
2024).
Abstract.
A
nutrient
distribution
such
as
phosphate
(PO₄³⁻),
ammonium
(NH₄⁺),
nitrate
(NO₃⁻),
dissolved
silica
(Si),
total
nitrogen
(TN),
organic
(DON)
together
with
carbon
(DOC)
and
inorganic
(DIC),
was
investigated
during
a
high
melting
season
in
2021
the
western
Spitsbergen
fjords
(Hornsund,
Isfjorden,
Kongsfjorden
Krossfjorden).
Both
water
column
pore
were
for
nutrients
gradients.
The
concentrations
of
most
measured
parameters
PO₄³⁻,
NH₄⁺,
NO₃⁻,
Si,
DIC
showed
significant
changes
among
masses.
In
addition,
gradients
DOC
revealed
variability
between
are
likely
substantial
sources
elements
column.
obtained
dataset
reflects
differences
hydrography
biogeochemical
ecosystem
function
may
form
base
further
modelling
physical
oceanographic
processes
within
fjord
systems.
All
data
described
this
paper
stored
Zenodo
online
repository
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10523197
(Szymczycha
et
al.,
2024).
Ecology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(10)
Published: Sept. 29, 2024
Abstract
Fjord
systems
in
the
Norwegian
Arctic
are
experiencing
an
increasing
frequency
and
magnitude
of
marine
heatwaves.
These
episodic
heat
stress
events
can
have
varying
degrees
acute
impacts
on
primary
production
nutrient
uptake
mixed
kelp
communities,
as
well
modifying
biogeochemical
cycling
nearshore
where
vast
areas
create
structural
habitat.
To
assess
impact
future
heatwaves
we
conducted
a
23
day
mesocosm
experiment
exposing
communities
to
warming
heatwave
scenarios
projected
for
year
2100.
Three
treatments
were
considered:
constant
(+1.8°C
from
control),
medium
long
duration
event
(+2.8°C
control
13
days),
two
short‐term,
more
intense,
heatwaves(5
with
temperature
peaks
at
+3.9°C
control).
The
results
show
that
both
reduced
net
community
production,
whereas
warm
treatment
displayed
no
difference
control.
scenario
resulted
accumulated
indicating
prolonged
exposure
had
greater
severity
than
high
magnitude,
short‐term
events.
We
estimated
11°C
threshold
which
negative
effects
appeared
present.
highlight
induce
sublethal
by
depressing
production.
placed
context
potential
physiological
resilience
implications
fjord
environmental
conditions.
Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
Fjord
systems
are
transition
zones
between
land
and
sea,
resulting
in
complex
dynamic
environments.
They
of
particular
interest
the
Arctic
as
they
harbour
ecosystems
inhabited
by
a
rich
range
species
provide
many
societal
benefits.
The
key
drivers
change
European
(i.e.,
Greenland,
Svalbard,
Northern
Norway)
fjord
socio-ecological
reviewed
here,
structured
into
five
categories:
cryosphere
(sea
ice,
glacier
mass
balance,
glacial
riverine
discharge),
physics
(seawater
temperature,
salinity,
light),
chemistry
(carbonate
system,
nutrients),
biology
(primary
production,
biomass,
richness),
social
(governance,
tourism,
fisheries).
data
available
for
past
present
state
these
drivers,
well
future
model
projections,
analysed
companion
paper.
Changes
to
two
at
base
most
interactions
within
fjords,
seawater
temperature
will
have
significant
profound
consequences
on
fjords.
This
is
because
even
though
governance
may
be
effective
mitigating/adapting
local
disruptions
caused
changing
climate,
there
possibly
nothing
that
can
done
halt
melting
glaciers,
warming
waters,
all
downstream
changes
have.
review
provides
first
transdisciplinary
synthesis
systems.
Knowledge
what
are,
how
interact
with
one
another,
should
more
expedient
focus
research
needs
adapting
Arctic.
