Effects of Early-Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviors: Implications of Early Maternal Separation in Rodents

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(19), P. 7212 - 7212

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

Early-life stress during the prenatal and postnatal periods affects formation of neural networks that influence brain function throughout life. Previous studies have indicated maternal separation (MS), a typical rodent model equivalent to early-life and, more specifically, child abuse and/or neglect in humans, can modulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting subsequent neuronal emotional behavior. However, basis long-lasting effects on has not been clarified. In present review, we describe alterations HPA-axis activity—focusing serum corticosterone (CORT)—and end products HPA axis as well CORT receptor rodents. We then introduce regions activated various patterns MS, including repeated MS single exposure at stages before weaning, via an investigation c-Fos expression, which is biological marker activity. Furthermore, discuss behavior gene expression brains adult mice exposed MS. Finally, ask whether repeats itself intergenerational transmission possible.

Language: Английский

---

Psychoneuroendocrinology

American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

---

Victim-to-Victim Intergenerational Cycles of Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Scoping Review of Theoretical Frameworks

International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 14, 2022

Objectives: Child maltreatment is a serious problem worldwide associated with numerous developmental and psychological problems that can impede children’s short long-term functioning. The negative effects of may put children on trajectory where they are likely to experience later abuse even their own children. While studies have focused primarily the intergenerational transmission (victim-to-perpetrator cycles), there studies, albeit fewer, documenting cycles continuity (victim-to-victim cycles; e.g., child sexual abuse). Clear theoretical frameworks lacking from maltreatment. This review aimed systematically identify theories, or conceptual been used explain victim-to-victim maltreatment.Methods: Searches were executed in PsychINFO, Medline, Scopus. Fifteen papers included this review.Results: most common theories victimization attachment theory traumatic stress models. Other identified include those social, developmental, biological domains. Notably, only five abuse, highlighting lack focus explanations issue. Based findings, unified model proposed guide future studies.Implications: Future research area could testing comparing advancing current state literature by using qualitative mixed methods.

Language: Английский

---

Gene-environment interaction between HPA-axis genes and trauma exposure in the suicide behavior: A systematic review

Journal of Psychiatric Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 162 - 170

Published: June 16, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Machine learning-driven risk prediction and feature identification for major depressive disorder and its progression: an exploratory study based on five years of longitudinal data from the US national health survey

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Early adversity as the prototype gene × environment interaction in mental disorders?

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 173371 - 173371

Published: March 8, 2022

Language: Английский

---

To what extent do social support and coping strategies mediate the relation between childhood maltreatment and major depressive disorder: A longitudinal community-based cohort

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 50 - 61

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Abstract This study aimed to articulate the roles of social support and coping strategies in relation between childhood maltreatment (CM) subsequent major depressive disorder (MDD) with a comprehensive exploration potential factors longitudinal community-based cohort. Parallel serial mediation analyses were applied estimate direct effect (DE) (from CM MDD) indirect effects MDD through strategies, simultaneously sequentially). Sociodemographic characteristics genetic predispositions considered modeling process. A total 902 participants included analyses. was significantly associated (DE coefficient (β) = 0.015, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.002∼0.028). partially mediated by (indirect β 0.004, CI 0.0001∼0.008) negative 0.013, 0.008∼0.020), respectively. Social support, positive coping, also influenced each other collectively association MDD. provides robust evidence that although has detrimental on later-on MDD, could be viable solutions minimize risk Intervention prevention programs should primarily focus weakening then strengthening strategies.

Language: Английский

---

A Combined Effect of Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors on Individual Differences in Depression Level

Genes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1355 - 1355

Published: June 27, 2023

The risk of depression could be evaluated through its multifactorial nature using the polygenic score (PGS) approach. Assuming a “clinical continuum” hypothesis mental diseases, preliminary assessment individuals with elevated for developing in non-clinical group is high relevance. In turn, epidemiological studies suggest including social/lifestyle factors together PGS to address “missing heritability” problem. We designed regression models, which included 27 SNPs and explain individual differences levels high-education students from Volga–Ural region (VUR) Eurasia. Since issues related population stratification scores may lead imprecise variant effect estimates, we aimed examine sensitivity calculated on summary statistics neuroticism GWAS Western Europeans assess proneness examined sample Eastern Europeans. A was assessed revised version Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 1065 young adults (age 18–25 years, 79% women, European ancestry). models based weighted demonstrated higher evaluate level full dataset, explaining up 2.4% variance (p = 3.42 × 10−7); addition social parameters enhanced strength model (adjusted r2 15%, p < 2.2 10−16). observed women group, 3.9% 6.03 10−9) assuming combined 17% 10−16)—with model. failed estimate BDI-measured clinical depression. Although (depression-related trait) were associated our 0.43%, 0.019—for unweighted model), mainly attributed inclusion as predictors these 10−16—for model). conclusion, constructed contribute proportion interindividual variability students, especially VUR External factors, specificity rearing childhood, used predictors, improve predictive ability models. Implementation ethnicity-specific estimates such modeling important assessment.

Language: Английский

---

Childhood maltreatment and within-person associations between cortisol and affective experience

Stress, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 822 - 832

Published: June 1, 2021

Glucocorticoids exert profound effects on the brain and behavior, but cortisol concentrations are rarely linked to subjectively reported emotional states in humans. This study examined whether link between subjective anxiety varied by childhood maltreatment history. To do this, 97 individuals (60.8% female) participated a standardized stress task laboratory (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) while providing serial ratings of their feelings as well samples blood. These measurements were collected nine times across visit, from immediately before TSST 65 minutes after initiation. We estimated within-person association momentary for with without exposure maltreatment, measured via self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Individuals exposed during greatest when lowest. pattern was exaggerated among female participants, those posttraumatic disorder (PTSD), neglect relative other forms maltreatment. Early life adversity, such parental may alter role affective experiences. observation provide preliminary, translational evidence novel pathway through which lead maintain internalizing symptoms More studies accounting moderating biobehavioral pathways needed.

Language: Английский

---

Early life stress, literacy and dyslexia: an evolutionary perspective

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 229(4), P. 809 - 822

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract Stress and learning co-evolved in parallel, with their interdependence critical to the survival of species. Even today, regulation moderate levels stress by central autonomic network (CAN), especially during pre- post-natal periods, facilitates biological adaptability is an essential precursor for cognitive requisites read. Reading a remarkable evolutionary achievement human brain, mysteriously unusual, because it not pre-wired genetic address facilitate its acquisition. There no gene reading. The review suggests that reading co-opts brain circuit centered left hemisphere ventral occipital cortex evolved as domain-general visual processor. Its adoption depends on CAN’s coordination emotional requirements read at metabolic, cellular, synaptic, levels. By stabilizing child’s self-control modulating attention network’s inhibitory controls over circuit, CAN plays key role school readiness In addition, revealed two beneficial adjustments early-life “overloads” come incidental costs under-performance dyslexia. A short-term adaptation involving methylation FKBP5 NR3C1 genes liability academic primary school. leading dyslexia induces alterations BDNF trafficking, promoting long-term adaptive fitness protecting against excessive glucocorticoid toxicity but risks difficulties disruptive signaling from networks circuit.

Language: Английский

---