Modelling the interaction between wearable assistive devices and digital human models—A systematic review

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Exoskeletons, orthoses, exosuits, assisting robots and such devices referred to as wearable assistive are designed augment or protect the human body by applying transmitting force. Due problems concerning cost- time-consuming user tests, in addition possibility test different configurations of a device, avoidance prototype many more advantages, digital models become popular for evaluating effects on humans. The key indicator efficiency assistance is interface between device human, consisting mainly soft biological tissue. However, tissue mostly missing due their rigid dynamics. Therefore, this systematic review aims identify interaction modelling approaches especially study how considered simulation. revealed four approaches, which differ accuracy recreate occurring interactions reality. Furthermore, within these there some incorporating appearing relative motion influence force transmission energy absorption other side not any publication yet. development an approach integrate viscoelastic behaviour could improve design thus increase its efficacy.

Language: Английский

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A Co-Simulation Model Integrating a Musculoskeletal Human Model with Exoskeleton and Power Tool Model

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 2573 - 2573

Published: March 19, 2024

Working at and above head height with a power tool represents common activity in craft assembly applications. To assist protect the user from overload injuries these situations, development use of application-specific support systems, such as exoskeletons tools, have greatly increased recent years. Thus, integration aspects user-centered product systems early phases process has high potentials. A approach to integrate is musculoskeletal human models, which allow evaluation effects on body. This could also be applicable mentioned case enable interactions for user. Therefore, co-simulation model virtual modelling simulating human–machine presented. The made up models technical (exoskeleton tool). By applying model, impact body can taken into account derive design alternatives system due requirements paper describes particularly, interaction submodels. carried out help subject study selected working height. results show plausible muscle loads considering by an exoskeleton. Furthermore, comparison simulated measured activations via surface electromyography shows good agreement. passes test functionality seems derivation regarding needs. In future, will further validated higher number subjects implement alterations systems.

Language: Английский

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Bridging the sim2real gap. Investigating deviations between experimental motion measurements and musculoskeletal simulation results—a systematic review

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 11, 2024

Musculoskeletal simulations can be used to estimate biomechanical variables like muscle forces and joint torques from non-invasive experimental data using inverse forward methods. Inverse kinematics followed by dynamics (ID) uses body motion external force measurements compute movements the corresponding loads, respectively. ID leads residual (residuals) that are not physically realistic, because of measurement noise modeling assumptions. Forward dynamic (FD) found tracking data. They do generate residuals but will move away achieve this. Therefore, there is a gap between reality (the measurements) in both approaches, sim2real gap. To answer (patho-) physiological research questions, simulation results have accurate reliable; needs handled. we reviewed methods handle such musculoskeletal simulations. The review identifies, classifies analyses existing bridge gap, including their strengths limitations. Using systematic approach, conducted an electronic search databases Scopus, PubMed Web Science. We selected included 85 relevant papers were sorted into eight different solution clusters based on three aspects: how handled, mathematical method used, parameters/variables which adjusted. Each cluster has distinctive way handling with accompanying Ultimately, choice largely depends various factors: available model, input parameters/variables, investigated movement course underlying aim. Researchers should aware remains for FD approaches. However, conclude multimodal approaches kinematic may one possible as (some combination sensor position/orientation or EMG measurements), consistently lead better performances. Initial show analysis performance enhanced technologies compensate each other's weaknesses.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Active Shoulder Exoskeleton Support to Deduce Application-Oriented Optimization Potentials for Overhead Work

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(21), P. 10805 - 10805

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Repetitive overhead work with a heavy load increases the risk for work-related shoulder disorders. Occupational exoskeletons supporting arm elevation are potential solutions to reduce that by lowering physical strains on shoulder. Many studies have reported reduction in stress various tasks using such exoskeletons. However, support demand can vary each phase of motion as well individual task. This paper presents laboratory study five participants evaluate influence level an active exoskeleton different phases (e.g., lifting, screw-in, and two tasks) identify optimization at phase. Results show should be adapted chosen tasks. A higher force is desired screw compared lifting phases, needs reduced immediately after The time switching levels recognized electric current screwdriver.

Language: Английский

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Method for Using IMU-Based Experimental Motion Data in BVH Format for Musculoskeletal Simulations via OpenSim

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 5423 - 5423

Published: June 8, 2023

Biomechanical simulation allows for in silico estimations of biomechanical parameters such as muscle, joint and ligament forces. Experimental kinematic measurements are a prerequisite musculoskeletal simulations using the inverse kinematics approach. Marker-based optical motion capture systems frequently used to collect this data. As an alternative, IMU-based can be used. These allow flexible collection without nearly any restriction regarding environment. However, one limitation with these is that there no universal way transfer IMU data from arbitrary full-body measurement into software OpenSim. Thus, objective study was enable collected data, stored BVH file, OpenSim 4.4 visualize analyse models. By concept virtual markers, saved file transferred model. An experimental three participants conducted verify our method’s performance. Results show present method capable (1) transferring body dimensions generic model (2) correctly 4.4.

Language: Английский

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The Determination of Assistance-as-Needed Support by an Ankle–Foot Orthosis for Patients with Foot Drop

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(17), P. 6687 - 6687

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Patients who suffer from foot drop have impaired gait pattern functions and a higher risk of stumbling falling. Therefore, they are usually treated with an assistive device, so-called ankle–foot orthosis. The support the orthosis should be in accordance motor requirements patient only provided when needed, which is referred to as assistance-as-needed. Thus, this publication, approach presented determine assistance-as-needed using musculoskeletal human models. Based on motion capture recordings multiple subjects performing gaits at different speeds, parameter study varying optimal force reserve actuator representing added simulation conducted. results show dependency selected but possible identification required increase due increasing severity especially demonstrated approach. With approach, information for individual can gathered, further used derive design that optimally assists subjects.

Language: Английский

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Model-Based Biomechanical Exoskeleton Concept Optimization for a Representative Lifting Task in Logistics

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(23), P. 15533 - 15533

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Occupational exoskeletons are a promising solution to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). However, there no established systems that support heavy lifting shoulder height. Thus, this work presents model-based analysis of activities and subsequent exoskeleton concept optimization. Six motion sequences were captured in the laboratory for three subjects analyzed multibody simulations with respect muscle (MAs) joint forces (JFs). The most strenuous sequence was selected utilized further human model connected 32 variants. simulated concepts compared concerning occurring JFs MAs as well interaction loads arm interfaces. Symmetric uplifting 21 kg box from hip height identified highly loaded arms, shoulders, back. variants reduced mean (spine: >70%, glenohumeral joint: >69%) (back: >63%, shoulder: >59% five concepts). Parasitic bracing varied strongly among An design effectively supports lifting, combining high relief low parasitic loads. applied workflow can help developers optimization exoskeletons.

Language: Английский

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A NEW METHOD FOR PASSIVE ANKLE FOOT ORTHOSIS DESIGN – INTEGRATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL AND FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION

Proceedings of the Design Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 333 - 342

Published: June 19, 2023

Abstract Motor disorders are diseases affecting the muscle function of human body. A frequently occurring motor disorder affects lower leg muscles resulting in a pathological gait called foot drop. Patients have higher risk stumbling and falling. The most common treatment is use passive ankle-foot-orthosis (AFO). However, compensation drop only limited due to non possible support all rotational directions ankle joint. Therefore, newly developed concept for AFO currently work. To ensure best patient, provided by required patient be accordance. Thus, this contribution method presented that integrates model order reduced finite element analysis computing musculoskeletal models representing patients' behaviour. With method, design force generating structures can realized regarding requirements. further evaluated with specific case. main focus lies here principal functionality provision valid results.

Language: Английский

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ApOL-Application Oriented Workload Model for Digital Human Models for the Development of Human-Machine Systems

Machines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 869 - 869

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Since musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common work-related diseases for assemblers and machine operators, it is crucial to find new ways alleviate physical load on workers. Support systems such as exoskeletons or handheld power tools promising technology reduce humans. The development requires consideration interactions between human technical systems. relief effect exoskeleton can be demonstrated in experimental studies by simulation with digital model (DHM). For these support systems, an application-oriented representation workload necessary. To facilitate development, (ApOL model) overhead working task presented. ApOL determines (forces, torques) onto DHM during screw-in using a cordless screwdriver, based data. verified comparing simulated results calculated values from mathematical model, data three participants. comparison demonstrates successful verification, maximum relative mean-absolute-error (rMAE) relevant components at 11.4%. presented utilized assess impact screwdriver design strain-based approach e.g., exoskeletons.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Biomechanical Simulations: A Novel Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model for Flexible Beam Analysis

Biomechanics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 566 - 584

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

This paper explores the adaptation of pseudo-rigid-body models (PRBMs) for simulating large geometric nonlinear deflections in passive exoskeletons, expanding upon their traditional application small compliant systems. Utilizing AnyBody modeling system, this study employs force-dependent kinematics to reverse conventional simulation process, enabling calculation forces from deformation PRBMs. A novel approach, termed “Constraint Force”, is introduced facilitate computation. The approach thoroughly validated through comparative analysis with laboratory trials involving a beam under bending loads. To demonstrate functionality, final segment conducts biomechanical incorporating motion capture data lifting test, employing exoskeleton equipped flexible spring elements. meticulously described enable easy adaptation, an example code practical application. findings present user-friendly and visually appealing solution capable effectively complex mechanical load cases. However, validation process highlights significant systematic errors direction amplitude calculated (20% 35%, respectively, worst loading case) compared results. These discrepancies emphasize inherent accuracy challenges Force” pointing areas ongoing research enhancement PRBM methods.

Language: Английский

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