Parasites or predators? Gastropod ectoparasites and their scleractinian host corals at Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand, with the description of a new species

Symbiosis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 209 - 230

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Scaling up to understand disease risk: distinct roles of host functional traits in shaping infection risk of avian malaria across different scales

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2038)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Understanding the impacts of diversity on pathogen transmission is essential for public health and biological conservation. However, how outcome mechanisms diversity–disease relationship vary across scales in natural systems remains elusive. In addition, although role host functional traits has long been established disease ecology, its integration into largely falls behind. By examining avian haemosporidians 1101 birds from 86 species, we investigated may shape infection risk individual community levels. We found that affect individual-level but fail to scale up effect level when testing community-weighted means. Moreover, divergence reduced community-level risk, indicating dilution diversity. Host richness also showed at level, not one parasite genus, suggesting mechanism results aggregation non-competent hosts richer communities. These demonstrate depend scale, aggregating observations cause biased evidence misattributed mechanisms. Overall, our work suppports trait-based ecology further understand scales.

Language: Английский

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Parasites in Sewage: Legal Requirements and Diagnostic Tools

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 86 - 86

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Despite the vast amount of water on Earth, only a small percent is suitable for consumption, and these resources are diminishing. Moreover, unevenly distributed, leading to significant disparities in access drinking between countries populations. Increasing consumption expanding human population necessitate development novel wastewater treatment technologies use byproducts other areas, such as fertilisers. However, sludge often cannot be used enhance crop production due presence parasite eggs, particularly from roundworms (Ascaridae family), which resistant environmental factors can pose threat several years. Legislation prohibits containing eggs fertiliser. In some cases, may not contain but larvae, require different detection methods. Additionally, does necessarily indicate danger since they lose infectivity prolonged storage or exposure chemical compounds sewage. This paper reviews European Union regulations treatment, selected parasitic diseases related parasites wastewater, spectrum methods, highlights differences viability invasiveness, intended draw attention need determine both biological properties parasites.

Language: Английский

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Host specificity of gastrointestinal parasites in free-ranging sloths from Costa Rica

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13, P. e19408 - e19408

Published: May 8, 2025

The diversity and host specificity of gastrointestinal parasites infecting free-ranging sloths is poorly known. We compared two sloth species from Costa Rica—three-fingered ( Bradypus variegatus ) two-fingered Choloepus hoffmanni )—for the first time in both a primary forest an urban habitat. asked whether host-parasite interactions were predominantly structured by identity, habitats which hosts occurred, or both. Coproparasitology revealed protozoa nematode eggs species, but cestode recorded only C. . found eight parasitic morphotypes 38 samples, matches total number these described over past 100 years. no significant difference overall parasite richness between habitats, was 2-fold greater vs As sharing observed we strong differences composition regardless In B. , four taxa (Spirocercidae, Subuluroidea, Spirurida, Ascaridida) cysts Eimeriidae (Apicomplexa). By contrast, cestodes (Anoplocephalidae), different family Spirocercidae, also Many rare samples forest, did not match any that had been previously literature, suggesting at least some could be undescribed species. Together, results highlight paucity comparative parasitology involving tropical wildlife, importance characterizing transmission networks, potential relevance intermediate may relevant to health.

Language: Английский

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Coevolutionary stability of host-symbiont systems with mixed-mode transmission

Journal of Theoretical Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 576, P. 111620 - 111620

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

The coevolution of hosts and symbionts based on virulence mode transmission is a complex diverse biological phenomenon. We introduced conceptual model to study the stable coexistence an obligate symbiont (mutualist or parasite) with mixed-mode its host. Using age-structured Leslie for host, we demonstrated how could modify host's life history traits (survival fecundity) long-term growth rate infected lineage. When vertically transmitted, found that host maximize lineage's evolutionary success (multi-level selection). Our showed symbionts' effect longevity reproduction might differ, even be opposing, their net often counterintuitive. stability ecologically was analyzed in framework coevolutionary dynamics. Moreover, conditions ecological resident host-symbiont pair, which does not allow invasion by rare mutants (each mutant dies out concluded that, within context our simplified conditions, system evolutionarily unconditionally only if can Malthusian parameters non-infected lineages using same strategy. Finally, performed game-theoretical analysis selection situation compared two definitions.

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Parasitism: the good, the bad and the ugly

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

EDITORIAL article Front. Vet. Sci., 17 October 2023Sec. Parasitology Volume 10 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1304206

Language: Английский

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Detecting Perkinsus-like organisms and Perkinsus marinus (Myzozoa: Perkinsidae) within new bivalve hosts in the southeastern Gulf of California

Parasitology Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 123(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The vector–symbiont affair: a relationship as (im)perfect as it can be

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 101203 - 101203

Published: May 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Plasticity in malaria parasite development: mosquito resources influence vector-to-host transmission potential

Frontiers in Malaria, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Parasites rely on exploiting resources from their hosts and vectors for survival transmission. This includes nutritional resources, which vary in availability between different changes during infections. For malaria ( Plasmodium ) parasites, sexual reproduction (sporogony) subsequent development of oocysts, produce sporozoites infectious to the vertebrate host, occurs mosquito vector. Mosquitoes field exhibit diversity amount type food they acquire, directly impacting nutrients available replication parasites. While rate parasite transmission vector host is influenced by state mosquitoes, whether this due resource limitation mediating productivity poorly understood. We use rodent model P. chabaudi Anopheles stephensi ask how variation sugar blood provided malaria-infected mosquitoes affects potential parasites transmit host. show that well-resourced reach a larger oocyst size earlier development, suggesting faster growth, have 1.7-fold higher sporozoite burden than whose only receive sugar. However, increase partly explained also impacts ability salivary glands. challenges assumption simple relationship number or oocysts onward potential. Furthermore, our findings suggest may actively adjust growth best exploit resources; while low-resourced exhibited reduction sporogony, remaining developed more rapidly later stages catching up similar those mosquitoes. Understanding urgent given encounter increasingly variable as consequences climate change control tools.

Language: Английский

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Towards Resolving Three Problems in Ecological Parasitology: Parasite Aggregation, Determinants of Parasitism, and Parasite Detoxification of Contaminants

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Parasites are nearly universally aggregated among their hosts, and this aggregation has important consequences for population-level experiences of disease, coinfection by multiple parasite taxa, combined exposure to parasites contaminants. In Chapter 2 thesis, I explore the properties interrelationships various proposed methods quantifying aggregation, with an aim clarifying different meanings as well varying appropriateness use in diverse research contexts. This resolved misunderstandings concerning interpretations measures, described (and some previously unidentified) properties. additionally presents a “user’s guide” resource those wishing select metric(s) most relevant aims. 3, present method analyzing predictors across samples, demonstrate method’s applicability using 12-year, 13-parasite species data set from Icelandic Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) host study system. addition demonstrating consistent (but niche-specific) relationships between other sample-level parasitological proposes analytical approach particularly amenable across-study quantitative reviews exploring broad-scale aggregation. 4, address host-trait parasitism same long-term, multi-parasite data. For all but one considered species, age and/or sex, or interaction, accounted variation infection abundance. 5 extends work that focal abundance is consistently explained coinfecting apparent trait-related patterns not spurious, exception. Finally, 6 describes field experiment wherein effects blood lead (Pb) levels on Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) survival, nesting propensity, clutch size measured relation helminth parasitism, latter having been experimentally reduced half individuals administering antiparasitic treatment. Clutch decreased increasing Pb independent treatment, while negative survival appeared specific eiders whose were removed. pattern could possibly be contaminant-bioaccumulating protecting hosts Pb.

Language: Английский

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