Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 17, 2023
Abstract
Animal
models
of
depression
show
that
acute
stress
negatively
impacts
functioning
in
neural
regions
sensitive
to
reward
and
punishment,
often
manifesting
as
anhedonic
behaviors.
However,
few
human
studies
have
probed
stress-induced
activation
changes
relation
anhedonia,
which
is
critical
for
clarifying
risk
affective
disorders.
Participants
(N
=
85,
12-14-years-old,
53
female),
oversampled
depression,
were
administered
clinical
assessments
completed
an
fMRI
guessing
task
probe
response
receipt
rewards
losses.
After
the
initial
run,
participants
received
stressor
then,
re-administered
task.
Including
baseline,
provided
up
10
self-report
life
symptoms
over
a
2-year
period.
Linear
mixed-effects
estimated
whether
change
(post-
vs.
pre-acute
stressor)
moderated
longitudinal
associations
between
time.
Primary
analyses
indicated
adolescents
with
stress-related
reductions
right
ventral
striatum
exhibited
stronger
anhedonia
severity
(
p
FDR
.048).
Secondary
showed
among
by
increases
dorsal
<.002).
Additionally,
anxiety
anterior
cingulate
cortex
insula
loss
≤.012).
All
results
held
when
adjusting
comorbid
symptoms.
Results
convergence
animal
models,
highlighting
mechanisms
may
facilitate
well
separable
pathway
emergence
depressive
Current Psychiatry Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(4), P. 157 - 165
Published: March 12, 2024
Abstract
Purpose
of
Review
Although
females
are
at
relatively
greater
risk
for
a
variety
disorders,
including
depression,
the
biological
mechanisms
underlying
this
striking
health
disparity
remain
unclear.
To
address
issue,
we
highlight
sex
differences
in
stress
susceptibility
as
key
mechanism
potentially
driving
effect
and
describe
interacting
inflammatory,
hormonal,
epigenomic,
social-environmental
involved.
Recent
Findings
Using
Social
Signal
Transduction
Theory
Depression
theoretical
framework,
women’s
elevated
depression
may
stem
from
tight
link
between
life
stress,
inflammation,
women.
Further,
research
finds
hormonal
contraceptive
use
alters
cortisol
inflammatory
reactivity
to
acute
ways
that
increase
females.
Finally,
beyond
established
epigenetic
mechanisms,
mothers
transfer
their
female
offspring
through
stressful
family
environments,
which
influence
generation
stress-related
gene
expression.
Summary
Together,
these
findings
provide
initial,
biologically
plausible
clues
help
explain
vs.
males.
Looking
forward,
much
more
is
needed
longstanding
underrepresentation
biomedical
on
biology
depression.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
36(1), P. 8 - 13
Published: Oct. 3, 2022
Stress
plays
a
central
role
in
the
onset
and
course
of
depression.
However,
only
subset
people
who
encounter
stressful
life
events
go
on
to
experience
depressive
episode.
The
current
review
highlights
recent
advances
understanding
when,
why,
for
whom
stress-depression
link
occurs,
we
identify
avenues
future
research.In
last
18
months,
researchers
have
taken
more
nuanced
perspective
biopsychosocial
mechanisms
critical
link.
For
example,
examination
specific
facets
emotion
regulation,
including
regulation
flexibility
interpersonal
has
been
its
Similarly,
refined
investigations
social
support
allowed
distinct
-
occasionally
opposite
outcomes
depending
context
or
manner
which
was
provided.
Researchers
also
documented
that
enhanced
by
dysregulation
several
stress-sensitive
biological
systems,
such
as
immune
system,
microbiome,
endocrine
neuroanatomical
substrates.Recent
studies
highlight
importance
adopting
moderators
explain
We
encourage
continued
engagement
collaborative,
open
science
uses
multiple
methods
study
full
breadth
human
diversity.
International Journal of Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
202, P. 112390 - 112390
Published: July 2, 2024
The
transition
to
adolescence
is
characterized
by
rapid
development
of
puberty,
reward
processing,
and
internalizing
psychopathology
(i.e.,
depression
anxiety).
More
advanced
pubertal
status
altered
processing
are
both
known
be
associated
with
elevated
symptoms.
However,
it
was
unclear
what
extent
interacted
each
other
in
predicting
psychopathology.
We
examined
how
the
puberty-psychopathology
association
moderated
indexed
ERPs,
including
positivity
(RewP)
late
positive
potential
(LPP).
A-hundred-and-fifteen
nine-to-12-year-old
typically
developing
youths
(66
girls;
Mean
age/SD
=10.98/1.18
years)
reported
their
symptoms
social
anxiety
completed
an
EEG
Doors
task
that
assessed
monetary
feedback
processing.
A
principal
component
analysis
ERP
data
identified
a
RewP,
anterior
LPP,
posterior
elicited
win
loss
task.
puberty-social
relationship
neural
marker
sensitivity.
Specifically,
more
puberty
heightened
presence
larger,
but
not
smaller,
RewP.
did
observe
any
moderating
effect
LPPs.
Our
study
provided
novel
evidence
hypersensitivity
toward
stimuli
(indexed
enlarged
RewP)
further
exacerbated
risks
for
anxiety.
PubMed,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
27(1), P. 109 - 114
Published: Jan. 15, 2025
Adolescence
is
a
critical
period
for
the
development
of
reward
circuit,
and
positivity
(RewP)
one
electrophysiological
indicators
reflecting
processing.
Many
studies
have
shown
that
abnormalities
in
RewP
closely
associated
with
internalizing
externalizing
problems
children
adolescents.
In
addition,
factors
such
as
stressful
life
events
sleep
disorders
can
affect
reward-related
brain
activity
increase
risk
various
psychopathological
this
population.
The
article
reviews
characteristics
changes
among
adolescents
recent
years,
aiming
to
provide
reference
basic
research
on
pathogenesis
these
issues
identify
new
targets
clinical
diagnosis
treatment.
Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
62(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Deficits
in
cognitive
and
reward-related
functions,
measured
via
reductions
the
P300
reward
positivity
(RewP)
event-related
potential
(ERP)
components,
are
commonly
observed
adults
suffering
with
depression.
Considering
higher
risk
for
depression
emerges
among
females
adolescence,
examination
of
neurological
underpinnings
during
this
critical
developmental
period
can
help
further
elucidate
our
overall
understanding
etiology
depressive
disorders.
Therefore,
present
study
sought
to
first
examine
associations
between
doors-locked
amplitude,
RewP
current
symptoms,
age
an
all-female
youth
sample
(sample
1:
n
=
296;
age,
8
14).
Next,
we
examined
these
same
associations,
as
well
sex,
a
second
independent
consisting
male
female
youths
2:
605;
11
Blunted
was
associated
symptoms
both
samples.
Moreover,
association
stronger
older
Sex
moderated
relationship
2
such
that
smaller
related
greater
only
females.
There
were
no
consistent
amplitude
either
sample.
These
findings
suggest
component
is
reliable
neural
correlate
might
specifically
relate
pathways
linked
increased
adolescent
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
Abstract
Animal
models
of
depression
show
that
acute
stress
negatively
impacts
functioning
in
neural
regions
sensitive
to
reward
and
punishment,
often
manifesting
as
anhedonic
behaviors.
However,
few
human
studies
have
probed
stress-induced
activation
changes
relation
anhedonia,
which
is
critical
for
clarifying
risk
affective
disorders.
Participants
(
N
=
85,
12–14
years-old,
53
female),
oversampled
depression,
were
administered
clinical
assessments
completed
an
fMRI
guessing
task
during
a
baseline
(no-stress)
period
probe
response
receipt
rewards
losses.
After
the
initial
run
task,
participants
received
stressor
then,
re-administered
task.
Including
baseline,
provided
up
10
self-report
life
symptoms
over
2
year
period.
Linear
mixed-effects
estimated
whether
change
(post-
vs.
pre-acute
stressor)
moderated
longitudinal
associations
between
symptoms.
Primary
analyses
indicated
adolescents
with
stress-related
reductions
right
ventral
striatum
exhibited
stronger
anhedonia
severity
β
−0.06,
95%CI[−0.11,
−0.02],
p
0.008,
FDR
0.048).
Secondary
showed
positive
by
increases
dorsal
(left
caudate
0.11,
95%CI[0.07,0.17],
<
0.001,
0.002;
0.07,
95%CI[0.02,0.12],
0.002,
0.003;
left
putamen
0.09,
95%CI[0.04,
0.14],
0.08,
95%CI[0.03,
0.12],
0.002).
Additionally,
among
anxiety
anterior
cingulate
cortex
−0.07,
95%CI[−0.12,.02],
0.012)
insula
95%CI[−0.12,−0.02],
0.006)
loss.
All
results
held
when
adjusting
comorbid
Results
convergence
animal
models,
highlighting
mechanisms
may
facilitate
well
separable
pathway
emergence
depressive
