Opportunities and Needs to Advance Prevention of Substance Use Disorders

JAMA Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

This Viewpoint discusses areas of opportunity for strengthening efforts to prevent substance use disorders among US youth.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of combining prevention psychological interventions with interventions that address the social determinants of mental health in low and middle-income countries: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. e083261 - e083261

Published: May 1, 2024

Common mental health conditions (CMHCs), including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are highly prevalent in low middle-income countries (LMICs). Preventive strategies combining psychological interventions with addressing the social determinants of may represent a key strategy for effectively preventing CMHCs. However, no systematic reviews have evaluated effectiveness these combined intervention This review will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focused on that combine preventive address LMICs. Primary outcome is frequency or PTSD at postintervention as determined by formal diagnostic tool any other standardised criteria. We search Epistemonikos, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, ClinicalTrials.gov (Ctgov), International Clinical Registry Platform (ICTRP). Two reviewers independently extract data evaluate risk bias included studies using 2. Random-effects meta-analyses be performed, certainty evidence rated Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development Evaluation approach. study uses from published studies; therefore, ethical not required. Findings presented manuscript. CRD42023451072.

Language: Английский

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Exploring mediators of the Amaka Amasanyufu Multiple Family Group Intervention (2016–2022) on parenting stress reduction among caregivers of children with disruptive behavior disorders in Uganda

SSM - Mental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100338 - 100338

Published: July 14, 2024

Residing in poverty-impacted Ugandan communities and raising children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) is associated above heightened parenting stress. An evidence-based intervention designed to help parents tailor their style effectively manage DBDs was implemented Uganda between 2017 2023. At the end of intervention, caregivers displayed lower levels stress than controls, however mechanisms by which reduction occurred unknown. We investigated whether intervention's effect on mediated practices, family cohesion, or mental health. Mediation assessed using Mitchell Maxwell's cross-lagged auto-regressive approach. Each mediation model regressed outcome score at each time point onto group assignment (0 = Control; 1 Multiple Family Group (MFG) intervention) preceding point. mediator one a Parenting also score. The residuals for mediators were allowed correlate included regression pathways from covariate outcomes subsequent waves as random variables. findings show that had significant direct 16 weeks post initiation partially caregiver health, 8 weeks, but we found no evidence it supporting two our hypotheses. Equipping skills strategies improve health can go long way reducing overall among DBDs. Our could be leveraged enhance long-term.

Language: Английский

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Social connection interventions and depression in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Purpose Early adulthood is a period which may increase vulnerability to loneliness and mental health difficulties among young adults. Social networks play an important role in buffering against adverse health, but there lack of evidence around whether social connection interventions could preventing for Methods A systematic review meta-analysis was conducted (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023395595). PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus were searched (01 January 2000–01 2023). Studies eligible if they (i) quantitative, (ii) included adults (18–24 years) from the general population, (iii) tested intervention aimed quantity or quality connections reduce loneliness, (iv) had comparison group, (v) measured depression loneliness/social as outcomes. Following study screening selection, data extraction risk bias assessments independently duplicate. The Cochrane RoB-2 tool ROBINS-I used assess bias. Results narratively synthesised random effects with standardised mean differences conducted. Six studies included; four in-person higher education students, one online youth involved street life. mostly rated having some moderate concerns associated overall reduction (SMD = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.33 -0.05; p 0.008; 4 studies, excluding serious bias). All beneficial on range diverse outcomes, no statistically significant pooled analyses -0.10; -0.24 0.05; 0.188; 3 studies). Conclusion show promise improving outcomes more high-quality research, across settings, needed this area.

Language: Английский

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What Triggers Mental Disorders? Examining the Role of Increasing Relationships between Self-Regulatory Efficacy Expectations and Behavioral Intensity

Psychiatry International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 672 - 696

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Background: Extreme promotion and prevention focus (foci) of the value need can lead to mental disorders due a reinforcement mechanism between efficacy expectations (EEs) behavioral intensity (BI) that then sets in. A reliable measurement instrument capturing onset this could facilitate disorder prevention. Additionally, needs for truth control may also trigger in extremes their foci, though these foci lack conceptualization. Thus, designing each need, we developed both an item pool assess EEs BI all across procedure compiling group-specific scales from it capture EE–BI correlations preventive purposes. We examined overall suitability compile those are reliable, valid, most probably capable specific group (here, our calibration sample, N = 198, 77% female). Methods: All eligible were tested cubic (high majorities expected shape indicated suitability), yielding relationships assessed nonlinear PLS structural equation modeling with regard significance, reliability, validity. Results: The largely suitable, producing valid where significantly predicted cubically. Conclusions: method identifying mark important step toward better risk identification. Further studies needed determine actual predictive relevance disorders.

Language: Английский

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The social determinants of suicide: an umbrella review

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

ABSTRACT Previous research has highlighted the role of social determinants health on mental outcomes, but their impact suicide mortality is less understood. The aim this umbrella review was to systematically examine association between 10 health, as defined by World Health Organization, and mortality. A keyword search titles abstracts conducted in six digital databases for studies published 24 August 2023. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed systematic reviews meta-analyses English examining these suicide. Methodological quality assessed using an adapted AMSTAR-2 tool. Due significant heterogeneity included studies, a meta-analysis not undertaken. narrative synthesis, structured determinant, conducted. 49 records (25 reviews) eligible inclusion review. with most available evidence housing, basic amenities environment ( n =21), income protection =13), unemployment =8) early childhood development =6). Limited identified education =3), non-discrimination =3) working life conditions =3). No examined relationship affordable healthcare services, structural conflict or food insecurity There modest effect Most related unemployment, job insecurity, adversity. methodological varied considerably. High-quality fully exploring environmental factors risk needed.

Language: Английский

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“With mental health and land, we have enough to live”. Social determinants of mental health in fifteen conflict-affected municipalities of Montes de María, Colombia: an exploratory mixed method study.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Background Armed conflicts affect mental health. In Colombia, many communities have been victims of armed conflict and multiple social inequalities injustices for more than six decades. Our research explored the determinants health in fifteen municipalities affected by Montes de María, Colombia. Methods We used a convergent parallel mixed-method design involving leaders community members María region deeply conflict. assessed (PHQ-4 DASS-21), support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey - MOS), sense (Brief Sense Community Scale BSCS) sample 134 members. Concurrently, we held 35 focus groups 2 regional meetings with 167 to further explore region. Both quantitative qualitative analyses were conducted, triangulating information ensure comprehensive robust findings. Results The data analysis showed significative relations among different (SDH) variables anxiety, depression stress. appear be protective factors Qualitative revealed that conflict, state abandonment, economic issues, lack opportunities, capital, cohesion barriers access services are SDH impacted current community. Conclusions results suggest impact conflict-affected communities. findings highlight region's challenges, their capacity resilience, urgent need effective policies address socioeconomic issues María.

Language: Английский

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Psychological interventions to prevent depression: a cause for hope

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 947 - 948

Published: Nov. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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