Reconstructing the phylogeny and evolutionary history of freshwater fishes (Nemacheilidae) across Eurasia since early Eocene

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Eurasia has undergone substantial tectonic, geological, and climatic changes throughout the Cenozoic era, primarily associated with tectonic plate collisions a global cooling trend. The evolution of present-day biodiversity unfolded in this dynamic environment, characterised by intricate interactions abiotic factors. However, comprehensive, large-scale reconstructions illustrating extent these influences are lacking. We reconstructed evolutionary history freshwater fish family Nemacheilidae across spanning most era on base 471 specimens representing 279 species 37 genera. Molecular phylogeny using 6 genes uncovered six major clades within family, along numerous unresolved taxonomic issues. Dating cladogenetic events ancestral range estimation traced origin to Indochina around 48 million years ago. Subsequently, one branch colonised eastern, central, northern Asia, as well Europe, while another expanded into Burmese region, Indian subcontinent, Near East, northeast Africa. These expansions were facilitated connections, favourable conditions, orogenic processes. Conversely, aridification emerged primary cause extinction events. Our study marks first comprehensive reconstruction Eurasian continental scale deep geological time.

Language: Английский

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Phylogeny of Southeast Asian Mapania (Cyperaceae: Mapanioideae) using chloroplast sequence data

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Abstract Mapania (Cyperaceae) is a pantropical genus associated with the forest understorey. Its evolutionary history and species delimitation are poorly known in Southeast Asia. To address this lack of knowledge, DNA sequence data from four chloroplast regions (trnL-F, atpH-F, psbA-trnH, trnK-matK) were generated for number populations 15 Mapania. Bayesian maximum likelihood analyses concatenated showed better-resolved phylogeny than previous based on morphological alone. bancana was resolved as sister to other included study. Moreover, study highlights need further investigation limits genus. For instance, cuspidata retrieved polyphyletic, tentative new has been detected closely related debilis. This also infers cradle Asian Mapanias Borneo, which holds largest diversity region. still understood that requires local taxonomic work more comprehensive fieldwork records better assess protect these species.

Language: Английский

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A taxonomic review of the genus Rhinoceros with emphasis on the distinction of Eurhinoceros (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)

ZooKeys, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1230, P. 303 - 333

Published: March 6, 2025

This study examines the ecomorphological characteristics of two Asian rhinoceros species: critically endangered Sundaic and vulnerable Indian rhinoceros. Among five living taxa, three species are notable for their tusked incisors. Fossil evidence highlights divergence between Rhinoceros Eurhinoceros in cheek tooth morphology, linked to different dietary specialisations. The rhinoceros, a generalist browser restricted Ujung Kulon peninsula Java, exhibits distinctive features such as grey hide with polygonal patterns, typical 'saddle' on nape, slender head shape protrusion instead horn females. latter is unique trait among Rhinocerotini species. In contrast, variable grazer, inhabits riverine grasslands northern India southern Nepal, displaying deep skin folds tubercles. Ecological behaviours differ significantly, being solitary wanderers forming temporary crashes. Both possess adaptations survival, emphasising importance understanding systematics effective conservation. further interrelationships one-horned Rhinocerotidae family, highlighting distinct features. revision delves into skull dentition, ecological dynamics, revealing evolutionary patterns ancestral traits. single horned rhinoceroses went separate diverging way evolution that was not triggered by geographical separation but niche partitioning. Comparative analyses shed light trajectory each fossils, morphological both species, suggest designating ' sondaicus from unicornis , under proposed Gray (1868). emerges persistently more primitive form.

Language: Английский

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Reconstructing the phylogeny and evolutionary history of freshwater fishes (Nemacheilidae) across Eurasia since early Eocene

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 4, 2025

Eurasia has undergone substantial tectonic, geological, and climatic changes throughout the Cenozoic, primarily associated with tectonic plate collisions a global cooling trend. The evolution of present-day biodiversity unfolded in this dynamic environment, characterised by intricate interactions abiotic factors. However, comprehensive, large-scale reconstructions illustrating extent these influences are lacking. We reconstructed evolutionary history freshwater fish family Nemacheilidae across spanning most Cenozoic on base 471 specimens representing 279 species 37 genera plus outgroup samples. Molecular phylogeny using six genes uncovered major clades within family, along numerous unresolved taxonomic issues. Dating cladogenetic events ancestral range estimation traced origin to Indochina around 48 mya. Subsequently, one branch colonised eastern, central, northern Asia, as well Europe, while another expanded into Burmese region, Indian subcontinent, Near East, northeast Africa. These expansions were facilitated connections, favourable conditions, orogenic processes. Conversely, aridification emerged primary cause extinction events. Our study marks first comprehensive reconstruction Eurasian continental scale deep geological time.

Language: Английский

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A naturally folded leaf fossil of Bauhinia s.l. from the middle Paleocene of South China and its phytogeographical and palaeoecological implications

Papers in Palaeontology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract The genus Bauhinia Plumier ex Linnaeus s.l. (Fabaceae) includes c . 380 species of trees, shrubs, lianas and herbs, distributed in pantropical regions with previous fossil records from the late Paleocene to Pliocene, mainly recovered Asia. Here we report earliest record , form a naturally folded leaf middle Sanshui Basin, Guangdong, South China. Based on detailed morphological comparisons, is named sanshuiensis sp. nov. Its discovery indicates that had already appeared its modern diversity centre at least by Paleocene. results Biomod2 distribution modelling quantitatively support significance Kohistan–Ladakh Island Arc facilitating floristic exchange between Africa diversification modernization China are discussed detail based substantial evidence, underscoring China's crucial role phytogeographic history this genus. Nearest relative analysis for suggests it may have been vine or shrub, adapted temperatures similar those Sanshui, but less precipitation.

Language: Английский

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