The
presence
and
localization
of
plant
metabolites
are
indicative
physiological
processes,
e.g.,
under
biotic
abiotic
stress
conditions.
Further,
the
chemical
composition
parts
is
related
to
their
quality
as
food
or
for
medicinal
applications.
Mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MSI)
has
become
a
popular
analytical
technique
exploring
visualizing
spatial
distribution
molecules
within
tissue.
This
review
provides
summary
mass
methods
used
mapping
identifying
in
tissues.
We
present
benefits
disadvantages
both
vacuum
ambient
ionization
methods,
considering
direct
indirect
approaches.
Finally,
we
discuss
current
limitations
annotating
perspectives
future
investigations.
Metabolites,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(8), P. 419 - 419
Published: July 30, 2024
The
presence
and
localization
of
plant
metabolites
are
indicative
physiological
processes,
e.g.,
under
biotic
abiotic
stress
conditions.
Further,
the
chemical
composition
parts
is
related
to
their
quality
as
food
or
for
medicinal
applications.
Mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MSI)
has
become
a
popular
analytical
technique
exploring
visualizing
spatial
distribution
molecules
within
tissue.
This
review
provides
summary
mass
methods
used
mapping
identifying
in
tissues.
We
present
benefits
disadvantages
both
vacuum
ambient
ionization
methods,
considering
direct
indirect
approaches.
Finally,
we
discuss
current
limitations
annotating
perspectives
future
investigations.
Plant Methods,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Aug. 2, 2024
Elucidating
the
intricate
structural
organization
and
spatial
gradients
of
biomolecular
composition
within
rhizosphere
is
critical
to
understanding
important
biogeochemical
processes,
which
include
mechanisms
root-microbe
interactions
for
maintaining
sustainable
plant
ecosystem
services.
While
various
analytical
methods
have
been
developed
assess
heterogeneity
rhizosphere,
a
comprehensive
view
fine
distribution
metabolites
root-soil
interface
has
remained
significant
challenge.
This
primarily
due
difficulty
original
during
sample
preparation
without
compromising
its
molecular
content.
In
this
study,
we
present
novel
approach,
RhizoMAP,
in
molecules
are
imprinted
on
selected
polymer
membranes
then
spatially
profiled
using
matrix-assisted
laser
desorption/ionization
(MALDI)
mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MSI).
We
enhanced
performance
RhizoMAP
by
combining
use
two
thin
(<
20
μm)
(polyester
polycarbonate)
with
distinct
MALDI
preparations.
optimization
allowed
us
gain
insight
into
over
500
different
poplar
(Populus
trichocarpa)
grown
rhizoboxes
filled
mycorrhizae
soil.
These
membranes,
coupled
three
conditions,
enabled
capture
wide
variety
that
included
phytohormones,
amino
acids,
sugars,
sugar
glycosides,
polycarboxylic
acids
components
Krebs
cycle,
fatty
short
aldehydes
ketones,
terpenes,
volatile
organic
compounds,
fertilizers
from
soil,
others.
Their
varies
greatly,
some
following
root
traces,
others
showing
diffusion
roots,
associated
soil
particles,
many
having
hot
spots
along
or
surrounding
Moreover,
showed
how
can
be
used
localize
origin
transformation
growth.
Finally,
demonstrated
power
distributions
key
throughout
cm
deep
rhizosphere.
method
provides
nondestructive,
untargeted,
broad,
sensitive
metabolite
root-associated
molecules,
exudates,
matter
as
lab-controlled
native
environment.
Journal of Experimental Botany,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
75(22), P. 6980 - 6997
Published: Sept. 12, 2024
Abstract
Plant
hormones
are
essential
and
structurally
diverse
molecules
that
regulate
various
aspects
of
plant
growth,
development,
stress
responses.
However,
the
precise
analysis
in
complex
biological
samples
poses
a
challenge
due
to
their
low
concentrations,
dynamic
levels,
intricate
spatial
distribution.
Moreover,
complexity
interconnectedness
hormone
signaling
networks
make
it
difficult
simultaneously
trace
multiple
distributions.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
currently
recognized
small-molecule
hormones,
signal
peptide
growth
regulators,
along
with
analytical
methods
employed
for
analysis.
We
delve
into
latest
advancements
mass
spectrometry
imaging
situ
fluorescence
techniques,
which
enable
examination
distribution
hormones.
The
advantages
disadvantages
these
techniques
further
discussed.
Finally,
propose
potential
avenues
enhance
our
understanding
biology.
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 19, 2024
Matrix-assisted
laser
desorption/ionization
mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MALDI-MSI)
can
provide
spatially
resolved
molecular
information
about
a
sample.
Recently,
postionization
approach
(MALDI-2)
has
been
commercially
integrated
with
MALDI-MSI,
allowing
for
bettered
sensitivity
and
consequent
improved
spatial
resolution.
While
advantages
of
MALDI-2
have
previously
established,
we
demonstrate
here
statistically
increased
in-source
fragmentation
(ISF)
results
from
commercial
instrument.
Via
lipid
standard
analyses,
known
MALDI
ISF
pathways
(e.g.,
loss
trimethylamine)
were
in
compared
to
MALDI-1
(65-172%
increase
fragmentation).
Gas
phase
modeling
density
functional
theory
estimated
that
the
most-weighted
virtual
orbitals
excite
within
lipids
involve
ester
phosphate
bonds.
Protonated
excitation
energies
are
furthermore
red-shifted
those
other
adduct
types
[e.g.,
254
nm
protonated
PC(16:0/18:1)]
energy
(266
nm).
Analysis
rat
brain
homogenate
detected
more
positive-ion
mode
peaks
(1090)
than
(719),
where
Kernel
estimations
showed
majority
this
enhancement
occurs
low
mSystems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Dec. 8, 2023
Aliphatic
carboxylic
acids,
aldehydes,
and
ketones
play
diverse
roles
in
microbial
adaptation
to
their
microenvironment,
from
excretion
as
toxins
adaptive
metabolites
for
membrane
fluidity.
However,
the
spatial
distribution
of
these
molecules
throughout
biofilms
how
microbes
environments
exchange
remain
elusive
many
bioactive
species
due
inefficient
molecular
imaging
strategies.
Herein,
we
apply
on-tissue
chemical
derivatization
(OTCD)
using
4-(2-((4-bromophenethyl)dimethylammonio)ethoxy)benzenaminium
dibromide
(4-APEBA)
on
a
co-culture
soil
bacterium
(
Herein,
we
outline
the
protocol
for
application
of
4-(2-((4-bromophenethyl)dimethylammonium)ethoxy)benzenaminium
dibromide
(4-APEBA)
which
have
previously
demonstrated
to
be
an
effect
reagent
in
tandem
with
1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide
(EDC)
target
carbonyl
containing
metabolites
in-situ
matrix-assisted
laser
desorption/ionization
mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MALDI-MSI).
Either
or
without
selective
EDC,
MALDI-MSI
is
able
differentiate
ketones
and
aldehydes
from
carboxylic
acids
lending
more
confidence
annotations.
This
has
enabled
metabolic
pathway
analyses
high-levels
coverage
routinely
enabling
detect
over
a
hundred
carbonyls.
was
previous
introduced
LC-MS/MS
purposes
(see
references),
but
generally
through
our
on-tissue/on-target
chemical
derivatization
(OTCD)
find
that
(1)
increased
sensitivity
primary
metabolites,
(2)
within
annotations
due
bromine
isotopic
patterns,
(3)
do
not
delocalize
process
OTCD,
(4)
multiplexed
detection
non-derivatized
lipids
OTCD
products,
(5)
this
applicable
broad
variety
mammalian
plant
tissues,
microbial
cultures.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 1, 2023
Abstract
The
impact
of
water-deficit
(WD)
stress
on
plant
metabolism
has
been
predominantly
studied
at
the
whole
tissue
level.
However,
tissues
are
made
several
distinct
cell
types
with
unique
and
differentiated
functions,
which
limits
‘omics’-based
studies
to
determine
only
an
averaged
molecular
signature
arising
from
multiple
types.
Advancements
in
spatial
omics
technologies
provide
opportunity
understand
mechanisms
underlying
responses
WD
cell-type
levels.
Here,
we
spatiotemporal
metabolic
two
poplar
leaf
types-palisade
vascular
cells-to
using
matrix-assisted
laser
desorption
Ionization-mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MALDI-MSI).
We
identified
stress-mediated
shifts
each
type
when
exposed
early
prolonged
recovery
stress.
During
stress,
flavonoids
phenolic
metabolites
were
exclusively
accumulated
palisade
cells.
cells
mainly
sugars
during
fatty
acids
conditions,
highlighting
a
possibility
interconversion
between
under
conditions
By
comparing
our
MALDI-MSI
data
gas
chromatography-mass
(GC-MS)-based
profile,
few
that
showed
similar
accumulation
trend
both
Overall,
this
work
highlights
potential
MSI
approach
complement
tissue-based
metabolomics
techniques
provides
novel
understanding
This
will
help
engineer
specific
pathways
cellular
level
strategic
perennial
trees
like
poplars
withstand
future
aberrations
environmental
increase
bioenergy
sustainability.
Herein,
we
outline
the
protocol
for
application
of
4-(2-((4-bromophenethyl)dimethylammonium)ethoxy)benzenaminium
dibromide
(4-APEBA)
which
have
previously
demonstrated
to
be
an
effect
reagent
in
tandem
with
1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide
(EDC)
target
carbonyl
containing
metabolites
in-situ
matrix-assisted
laser
desorption/ionization
mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MALDI-MSI).
Either
or
without
selective
EDC,
MALDI-MSI
is
able
differentiate
ketones
and
aldehydes
from
carboxylic
acids
lending
more
confidence
annotations.
This
has
enabled
metabolic
pathway
analyses
high-levels
coverage
routinely
enabling
detect
over
a
hundred
carbonyls.
was
previous
introduced
LC-MS/MS
purposes
(see
references),
but
generally
through
our
on-tissue/on-target
chemical
derivatization
(OTCD)
find
that
(1)
increased
sensitivity
primary
metabolites,
(2)
within
annotations
due
bromine
isotopic
patterns,
(3)
do
not
delocalize
process
OTCD,
(4)
multiplexed
detection
non-derivatized
lipids
OTCD
products,
(5)
this
applicable
broad
variety
mammalian
plant
tissues,
microbial
cultures.
The
presence
and
localization
of
plant
metabolites
are
indicative
physiological
processes,
e.g.,
under
biotic
abiotic
stress
conditions.
Further,
the
chemical
composition
parts
is
related
to
their
quality
as
food
or
for
medicinal
applications.
Mass
spectrometry
imaging
(MSI)
has
become
a
popular
analytical
technique
exploring
visualizing
spatial
distribution
molecules
within
tissue.
This
review
provides
summary
mass
methods
used
mapping
identifying
in
tissues.
We
present
benefits
disadvantages
both
vacuum
ambient
ionization
methods,
considering
direct
indirect
approaches.
Finally,
we
discuss
current
limitations
annotating
perspectives
future
investigations.