Porphyrins and Their Derivatives in Cancer Therapy: Current Advances, Mechanistic Insights, and Prospective Directions DOI
Min Chen,

Shuying Ji,

Xingxing Liu

et al.

Molecular Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2025

Porphyrin and its derivatives are widely used in cancer therapy due to their strong photon absorption capabilities moderate light stability. Due hydrophobic nature, porphyrins with tetrapyrrolic macrocycles ease self-aggregation physiological conditions. Instead, exploiting the C4 symmetry structure for self-assembly is beneficial improve bioavailability of porphyrin derivatives. Herein, this Review outlines porphyrin-based nanoformulations therapeutic applications treatment. The typical pharmaceutical application integrated porphyrinic systematically summarized, focusing on synthetic methodologies structure-functionality relationship. Additionally, modalities (e.g., photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic) synergy mechanism regulated cell death overviewed. Special attention given emerging technologies nanocatalytic therapy, vaccines, proteolysis-targeting chimeras, which align trend toward personalization minimal invasiveness healthcare. Finally, we discuss challenges limitations explore future directions healthcare sector, aiming bridge gap between research practical clinical application.

Language: Английский

Porphyrins and Their Derivatives in Cancer Therapy: Current Advances, Mechanistic Insights, and Prospective Directions DOI
Min Chen,

Shuying Ji,

Xingxing Liu

et al.

Molecular Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2025

Porphyrin and its derivatives are widely used in cancer therapy due to their strong photon absorption capabilities moderate light stability. Due hydrophobic nature, porphyrins with tetrapyrrolic macrocycles ease self-aggregation physiological conditions. Instead, exploiting the C4 symmetry structure for self-assembly is beneficial improve bioavailability of porphyrin derivatives. Herein, this Review outlines porphyrin-based nanoformulations therapeutic applications treatment. The typical pharmaceutical application integrated porphyrinic systematically summarized, focusing on synthetic methodologies structure-functionality relationship. Additionally, modalities (e.g., photothermal, photodynamic, sonodynamic) synergy mechanism regulated cell death overviewed. Special attention given emerging technologies nanocatalytic therapy, vaccines, proteolysis-targeting chimeras, which align trend toward personalization minimal invasiveness healthcare. Finally, we discuss challenges limitations explore future directions healthcare sector, aiming bridge gap between research practical clinical application.

Language: Английский

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