Highly Dense N–N-Bridged Dinitramino Bistriazole-Based 3D Metal–Organic Frameworks with Balanced Outstanding Energetic Performance

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2024

Due to the inherent conflict between energy and safety, construction of energetic materials or metal–organic frameworks (E-MOFs) with balanced thermal stability, sensitivity, high detonation performance is challenging for chemists worldwide. In this regard, in recent times self-assembly ligands (high nitrogen- oxygen-containing small molecules) alkali metals were probed as a promising strategy build high-energy excellent density, insensitivity, performance. Herein, based on nitrogen-rich N,N′-([4,4′-bi(1,2,4-triazole)]-3,3′-dial)dinitramide (H2BDNBT) ligand, two new environmentally benign E-MOFs including potassium [K2BDNBT]n (K-MOF) sodium [Na2BDNBT]n (Na-MOF) have been introduced characterized by NMR, IR, TGA-DSC, ICP-MS, PXRD, elemental analyses, SCXRD. Interestingly, Na-MOF K-MOF demonstrate solvent-free 3D dense having crystal densities 2.16 2.14 g cm–3, respectively. Both show velocity (VOD) 8557–9724 m/s, pressure (DP) 30.41–36.97 GPa, positive heat formation 122.52–242.25 kJ mol–1, insensitivity mechanical stimuli such impact friction (IS = 30–40 J, FS > 360 N). Among them, has (9724 m/s) superior that conventional explosives. Additionally, both are highly heat-resistant, higher decomposition (319 °C 293 Na-MOF) than traditional explosives RDX (210 °C), HMX (279 CL-20 (221 °C). This stability ascribed extensive structure strong covalent interactions BDNBT2– K(I)/Na(I) ions. To best our knowledge, first time, we report dinitramino-based stable secondary explosives, may serve next-generation high-energy-density material replacement presently used thermally RDX, HNS, HMX, CL-20.

Language: Английский

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Trailblazing 3D MOFs Featuring 1,2,4‐Dinitrimino Triazole: Redefining Energetic Materials and Iodine Encapsulation

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Abstract The quest for high‐performance energetic materials defense and aerospace has intensified, focusing on balancing energy output safety. This study presents the synthesis of 3D metal‐organic frameworks (EMOFs) [Na 3 (DNT)(H 2 O)] n ( Na‐MOF ), [K (DNT) (H K‐MOF [Cs (DNT)] Cs‐MOF ) using 1,2,4‐dinitrimino triazole through a hydrothermal process. synthesized EMOFs are characterized infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis differential calorimetry, structures confirmed via single‐crystal revealing with crystal densities 2.15, 2.16, 2.86 g cm −3 , respectively. Among them, exhibits excellent detonation performance (VOD = 8900 m s −1 DP 26.21 GPa), high thermal stability (T d 369 °C), insensitivity to impact friction (IS 40 J, FS 360 N). displays balanced mechanical properties, while though moderate in performance, shows significant potential pyrotechnic applications, producing bright red flame. Intermolecular interactions analyzed Hirshfeld surface, 2D fingerprint, SEM analyses, enhancing understanding particle size morphology. also demonstrates iodine encapsulation capacity, positioning it as replacement traditional like RDX heat‐resistant explosives such HNS, comparability PYX.

Language: Английский

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Thinking Outside the Energetic Box: Stabilizing and Greening High-Energy Materials with Reticular Chemistry

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

ConspectusReticular chemistry has provided intriguing opportunities for systematically designing porous materials with different pores by adjusting the building blocks. Among them, framework have demonstrated outstanding performance design of new functional used in a broad range fields, including energetic materials. Energetic are widely rockets, satellites, mining, and tunneling. In terms materials, explosophores nitrogen-rich heterocycles fundamental blocks high-energy compounds. However, traditional strategy synthesizing HEDMs (high energy density materials) at molecular level faced long-term challenge balancing stability. Inspired reticular chemistry, offer diverse nitrogen sites diversified coordination interactions. Ionic bond interactions exist wide salts. Furthermore, most metastable explosophores, e.g., nitro, nitramino, amino groups, can form strong hydrogen-bonding networks. Based on these noncovalent (such as coordination, ionic, and/or hydrogen bonds (HBs)) covalent determine intermolecular packing/linkage fuel oxidizer components, provides platform evolving from single-molecular to various frameworks (E superior comprehensive properties. For example, achieve metals or introduce sufficient donor/acceptor structural units, host structure usually contains less oxygen-rich substituents such so molecules framework, F) crystal level, which enhance integrated stabilities EFs.Along growing concerns about environment safety issues, considerable effort been devoted pursuing environmentally friendly insensitive The newly emerging EFs conducive introducing into green chemical pathway. Benefiting cross-disciplinary achievements, taming specific is desensitize while concomitantly retaining excellent properties, become one forward promising investigations. past decade, achieved further results stabilizing greening using HBs, bonds, alkaline earth metal-involving avoid heavy metal toxicity employ halogen-free oxidizers. Because this field still expanding rapidly, it great value researchers possible users work be able view all progress.Through Account, we intend that more readers will knowledgeable EFs, their definition, history, synthesis, applications. aim Account present latest advances recent years perspective future direction field.

Language: Английский

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Preparation of hexanitrostilbene/aluminum microspheres with interconnected multi-cavity structure for enhanced safety and combustion performance

Particuology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Synthesis, thermodynamics and catalytic properties of novel energetic coordination compounds based on nitrotriazolate-formazan ligand

Inorganic Chemistry Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 114679 - 114679

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Application and Prospects of EMOFs in the Fields of Explosives and Propellants

Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(32), P. 13308 - 13319

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Energetic Metal-Organic Framework (EMOF) compounds have gained significant attention in recent years as a hot research topic the fields of explosives and propellants. This article provides an overview latest progress EMOFs various areas, including heat-resistant explosives, burning rate catalysts initiating explosives. It discusses development trends high-energy EMOFs, such high-dimensional solvent-free structural design, simplified scalable synthesis conditions, environmentally friendly manufacturing processes with tunable structures, high-energy, low-sensitivity multifunctional target products. The challenges issues faced by are presented. Furthermore, key directions for future applications propellants discussed, design synthesis, precise modulation molecular composition pore structure, improvement accurate prediction methods physicochemical properties low-cost large-scale production composite energetic materials, exploration influencing factors, comprehensive study on application novel high-performance EMOFs.

Language: Английский

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Differences in Performance among ECPs with Different Metal Centers Based on Highly Stable TzTO

Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 9337 - 9343

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

The stability and detonation properties of energetic coordination polymers (ECPs) are usually directly related to the selection ligands. However, different metals ligands may form structures, which will greatly affect performance ECPs. Three-dimensional (3D) metal–organic frameworks (EMOFs) exhibit enhanced performances modest compared with one-dimensional (1D) two-dimensional (2D) In this work, an internal salt H2TzTO (5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-4-ium-3-yl)-1H-tetrazol-1-olate) high was selected as ligand coordinated four metal centers, Na(I), K(I), Co(II), Ni(II), three ECPs, named [Na(HTzTO)(H2O)]n·0.5H2O, Co(HTzTO)2(H2O)2, Ni(HTzTO)2(H2O)2·2H2O, one EMOF [K(HTzTO)]n, respectively. compounds showed excellent thermal [decomposition temperature (Td) ≥ 263 °C] [detonation velocity (D) 8587 m·s–1 pressure (P) 33.8 GPa], but their due influence center structure. Among them, [K(HTzTO)]n Co(HTzTO)2(H2O)2 surprising (Td = 344 347 °C, respectively) formation face-to-face π–π stacking in enhances molecules.

Language: Английский

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A 3D Nitrogen-Rich Heat-Resistant Supramolecular MOF with Superior Energetic Performances Assembled from Zn(II) and 5-Aminotetrazole

Journal of Molecular Structure, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1322, P. 140547 - 140547

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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