ACS Applied Nano Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(17), P. 15530 - 15539
Published: Aug. 29, 2023
Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs)
are
widely
used
in
disinfectants,
cleaners,
preservatives,
cosmetics,
and
agriculture.
Recently,
QACs
have
been
detected
the
human
bloodstream,
breast
milk,
neonatal
mouse
brain,
which
shows
that
these
can
cross
biological
barriers.
In
vivo
studies
showed
chronic
low-level
exposure
to
causes
developmental,
reproductive,
immune
dysfunctions,
whereas
vitro
indicate
affect
reproductive
systems,
disrupt
cholesterol
biosynthesis,
increase
inflammatory
cytokines,
decrease
mitochondrial
functions.
Effects
of
on
health
gradually
emerging,
amid
increased
use
QAC
disinfectants
during
COVID-19
pandemic.
Analysis
fluids
including
blood,
urine,
sweat,
saliva
provide
vital
information
determining
effects
analytes.
Biofluid
analysis
is
convenient
yet
crucial
because
non-invasive/or
minimally
invasive
procedures
be
performed
outside
hospital
settings.
Interest
optical
detection
methods
for
biofluid
has
growing
due
recent
advances
technologies
availability
tunable
materials
aid
technologies.
Detection
near-infrared
(NIR)
spectral
range
advantageous
over
visible
mainly
minimal
autofluorescence,
light-scattering,
absorption
from
native
molecules
NIR
range.
Photoluminescent
single-walled
carbon
nanotubes
(SWCNTs)
promising
candidates
development
probes
sensors
their
non-photobleaching
fluorescence,
surface
chemistry,
high
sensitivity.
Herein,
we
report
protein-rich
media
a
model
biofluid.
We
functionalized
photoluminescent
SWCNTs
with
bile
salt
derivatives
enabled
artificial
sweat
serum-protein-enriched
media.
The
was
significant
at
nanomolar
concentrations,
within
threshold
various
physiological
processes.
Thus,
nanotube-based
could
well
suited
fluids.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(20), P. 7645 - 7665
Published: May 9, 2023
Quaternary
ammonium
compounds
(QACs),
a
large
class
of
chemicals
that
includes
high
production
volume
substances,
have
been
used
for
decades
as
antimicrobials,
preservatives,
and
antistatic
agents
other
functions
in
cleaning,
disinfecting,
personal
care
products,
durable
consumer
goods.
QAC
use
has
accelerated
response
to
the
COVID-19
pandemic
banning
19
antimicrobials
from
several
products
by
US
Food
Drug
Administration
2016.
Studies
conducted
before
after
onset
indicate
increased
human
exposure
QACs.
Environmental
releases
these
also
increased.
Emerging
information
on
adverse
environmental
health
impacts
QACs
is
motivating
reconsideration
risks
benefits
across
life
cycle
their
production,
use,
disposal.
This
work
presents
critical
review
literature
scientific
perspective
developed
multidisciplinary,
multi-institutional
team
authors
academia,
governmental,
nonprofit
organizations.
The
evaluates
currently
available
ecological
profile
identifies
multiple
areas
potential
concern.
Adverse
effects
include
acute
chronic
toxicity
susceptible
aquatic
organisms,
with
concentrations
some
approaching
levels
Suspected
or
known
outcomes
dermal
respiratory
effects,
developmental
reproductive
toxicity,
disruption
metabolic
function
such
lipid
homeostasis,
impairment
mitochondrial
function.
QACs'
role
antimicrobial
resistance
demonstrated.
In
regulatory
system,
how
managed
depends
it
used,
example
pesticides
products.
can
result
same
receiving
different
degrees
scrutiny
depending
agency
regulating
it.
Further,
Protection
Agency's
current
method
grouping
based
structure,
first
proposed
1988,
insufficient
address
wide
range
chemistries,
toxicities,
scenarios.
Consequently,
exposures
common
mixtures
sources
remain
largely
unassessed.
Some
restrictions
implemented
elsewhere,
primarily
focused
Assessing
posed
hampered
vast
structural
diversity
lack
quantitative
data
majority
compounds.
important
gaps
provides
research
policy
recommendations
preserving
utility
chemistries
while
seeking
limit
effects.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 3883 - 3904
Published: Aug. 17, 2022
Abstract
Almost
all
aspects
of
society
from
food
security
to
disease
control
and
prevention
have
benefited
pharmaceutical
personal
care
products,
yet
these
products
are
a
major
source
contamination
that
ends
up
in
wastewater
ecosystems.
This
issue
has
been
sharply
accentuated
during
the
coronavirus
pandemic
2019
(COVID-19)
due
higher
use
disinfectants
other
products.
Here
we
review
with
focus
on
their
occurrence
environment,
detection,
risk,
removal.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: April 13, 2023
Due
to
the
substantial
increase
in
use
of
disinfectants
containing
quaternary
ammonion
compounds
(QACs)
healthcare
and
community
settings
during
COVID-19
pandemic,
there
is
increased
concern
that
heavy
might
cause
bacteria
develop
resistance
QACs
or
contribute
antibiotic
resistance.
The
purpose
this
review
briefly
discuss
mechanisms
QAC
tolerance
resistance,
laboratory-based
evidence
their
occurrence
other
real-world
settings,
possible
impact
on
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
879, P. 163007 - 163007
Published: March 23, 2023
Ultraviolet
irradiation
C
(UVC)
has
emerged
as
an
effective
strategy
for
microbial
control
in
indoor
public
spaces.
UVC
is
commonly
applied
air,
surface,
and
water
disinfection.
Unlike
common
254
nm
UVC,
far-UVC
at
222
considered
non-harmful
to
human
health,
being
safe
occupied
spaces,
still
disinfection
purposes.
Therefore,
allied
the
urgency
mitigate
current
pandemic
of
SARS-CoV-2,
increase
UVC-based
technology
devices
appeared
market
with
levels
pathogens
reduction
higher
than
99.9
%.
This
environmentally
friendly
potential
overcome
many
limitations
traditional
chemical-based
approaches.
The
novel
were
thought
be
used
spaces
such
hospitals,
schools,
transport
minimize
risk
contamination
propagation,
saving
costs
by
reducing
manual
cleaning
equipment
maintenance
provided
manpower.
However,
a
lack
information
about
parameters
protocols
disinfection,
controversies
regarding
health
environmental
risks
exist.
In
this
review,
fundamentals
on
are
presented.
Furthermore,
deep
analysis
technologies
available
addressed,
well
their
advantages
limitations.
comprehensive
provides
valuable
inputs
strategies
development
effective,
reliable,
systems.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(19)
Published: Feb. 22, 2023
Antimicrobial
agents
are
massively
used
to
disinfect
the
pathogen
contaminated
surfaces
since
Corona
Virus
Disease
2019
(COVID-19)
outbreak.
However,
their
defects
of
poor
durability,
strong
irritation,
and
high
environmental
accumulation
exposed.
Herein,
a
convenient
strategy
is
developed
fabricate
long-lasting
target-selective
antimicrobial
agent
with
special
hierarchical
structure
through
bottom-up
assembly
natural
gallic
acid
arginine
surfactant.
The
starts
from
rodlike
micelles,
further
stacking
into
hexagonal
columns
finally
interpenetrating
spherical
assemblies,
which
avoid
explosive
release
units.
assemblies
show
anti-water
washing
adhesion
on
various
surfaces;
thus,
possess
highly
efficient
broad-spectrum
activities
even
after
using
up
eleven
cycles.
Both
in
vitro
vivo
experiments
prove
that
selective
killing
pathogens
without
generating
toxicity.
excellent
virtues
well
satisfy
increasing
anti-infection
demands
exhibits
great
potential
as
clinical
candidate.
Environment International,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
190, P. 108836 - 108836
Published: June 18, 2024
The
use
of
cleaning
and
disinfecting
products
both
at
work
home
increased
during
the
COVID-19
pandemic.
Those
often
include
surfactants,
acids/bases,
carcinogens
such
as
chloroform,
endocrine-disrupting
chemicals,
cyclosiloxanes,
phthalates,
synthetic
fragrances,
which
may
cause
harmful
health
effects
among
professional
cleaners
well
people
exposed
or
in
their
workplaces.
aim
this
study
was
to
synthesize
commonly
used
chemical,
surface
on
indoor
air
quality,
focusing
chemical
particulate
matter
pollutants,
exposure,
human
residential
public
buildings.
We
also
provide
a
summary
recommendations
avoid
exposure
suggest
future
research
directions.
PubMed,
Google
Scholar,
Scopus,
Web
Science
(WoS)
were
search
literature.
Analysis
literature
revealed
that
disinfectants
increase
occupants'
variety
contaminants
matter.
Occupational
disinfectant
has
been
linked
an
risk
asthma
rhinitis.
Residential
shown
have
adverse
effect
respiratory
health,
particularly
onset,
occurrence
asthma(-like)
symptoms
children
adults.
Efforts
reduce
chemicals
will
require
lowering
content
hazardous
substances
improving
ventilation
after
cleaning.
Experimentally
examined,
best
practices
careful
selection
can
minimize
burden
pollutant
indoors.
In
addition,
indirect
ways
increasing
people's
awareness
harmfulness
safe
practices,
clear
labelling
products.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 734 - 734
Published: June 17, 2024
Pharmaceutical
and
personal
care
products
(PPCPs)
containing
persistent
potentially
hazardous
substances
have
garnered
attention
for
their
ubiquitous
presence
in
natural
environments.
This
study
investigated
the
impact
of
polyethylene
glycol
(PEG),
a
common
PPCP
component,
on
Mytilus
galloprovincialis.
Mussels
were
subjected
to
two
PEG
concentrations
(E1:
0.1
mg/L
E2:
10
mg/L)
over
14
days.
Oxidative
stress
markers
both
gills
digestive
glands
evaluated;
cytotoxicity
assays
performed
haemolymph
gland
cells.
Additionally,
cell
volume
regulation
(RVD
assay)
was
assess
physiological
PEG-induced
alterations.
In
gills,
reduced
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
activity
increased
lipid
peroxidation
(LPO)
at
E1.
gland,
only
LPO
influenced,
while
SOD
oxidatively
modified
proteins
(OMPs)
unaltered.
A
significant
decrease
viability
observed,
particularly
E2.
RVD
assay
revealed
disruptions
cells
These
findings
underscore
effects
exposure
M.
They
are
open
further
investigations
clarify
environmental
implications
PPCPs
possibility
exploring
safer
alternatives.
Water Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
257, P. 121665 - 121665
Published: April 22, 2024
Higher
usage
of
antimicrobial
agents
in
both
healthcare
facilities
and
the
communities
has
resulted
an
increased
spread
resistant
bacteria.
However,
improved
infection
prevention
control
practices
may
also
contribute
to
decreasing
resistance
(AMR).
In
present
study,
wastewater-based
epidemiology
(WBE)
approach
was
applied
explore
link
between
COVID-19
community
antimicrobials,
as
well
prevalence
genes.
Longitudinal
study
been
conducted
monitor
levels
50
(AAs),
24
metabolites,
5
antibiotic
genes
(ARGs)
class
1
integrons
(intI
1)
wastewater
influents
4
towns/cities
over
two
years
(April
2020
-
March
2022)
South-West
England
(a
total
1,180
samples
collected
with
87,320
individual
AA
measurements
8,148
ARG
measurements).
Results
suggested
higher
loads
AAs
ARGs
2021-22
than
2020-21,
beta-lactams,
quinolones,
macrolides
most
showing
statistical
differences.
particular,
intI
gene
proxy
environmental
pollution)
showed
a
significant
increase
after
ease
third
national
lockdown
England.
Positive
correlations
for
all
quantifiable
parent
metabolites
were
observed,
consumption
vs
direct
disposal
unused
identified
via
WBE.
This
work
can
help
establish
baselines
AMR
status
communities,
providing
community-wide
surveillance
evidence
informing
public
health
interventions.
Overall,
studies
focused
on
from
start
pandemic
present,
especially
context
settings,
are
great
importance
further
understand
long-term
impact
AMR.