A global overview of marine heatwaves in a changing climate

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Abstract Marine heatwaves have profoundly impacted marine ecosystems over large areas of the world oceans, calling for improved understanding their dynamics and predictability. Here, we critically review recent substantial advances in this active area research, including exploration three-dimensional structure evolution these extremes, drivers, connection with other extremes ocean land, future projections, assessment predictability current prediction skill. To make progress on predicting projecting impacts, a more complete mechanistic full depth at relevant spatial temporal scales is needed, together models that can realistically capture leading mechanisms those scales. Sustained observing systems, as well measuring platforms be rapidly deployed, are essential to achieve comprehensive event characterizations while also chronicling evolving nature impacts our changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Advancing bioenergetics-based modeling to improve climate change projections of marine ecosystems

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 732, P. 193 - 221

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Climate change has rapidly altered marine ecosystems and is expected to continue push systems species beyond historical baselines into novel conditions. Projecting responses of organisms populations these environmental conditions often requires extrapolations observed conditions, challenging the predictive limits statistical modeling capabilities. Bioenergetics provides mechanistic basis for projecting climate effects on living resources in a long history development, been applied widely fish other taxa. We provide our perspective 4 opportunities that will advance ability bioenergetics-based models depict changes productivity distribution fishes organisms, leading more robust projections impacts. These are (1) improved depiction bioenergetics processes derive realistic individual-level response(s) complex (2) innovations scaling project at population food web levels, (3) coupling between spatial dynamics better represent local- regional-scale differences distributions (4) model validation ensure next generation can be used with known sufficient confidence. Our focus specific enable critical advancements position community make accurate individuals, populations, webs, ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of Surface Ocean Acidity Extremes in an Earth System Model

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(9)

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Abstract Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon causes acidification, a process that describes the increase in hydrogen ion concentrations ([H + ]) and decrease calcium carbonate mineral saturation states (Ω). Of particular concern are ocean acidity extreme (OAX) events, which pose significant threat to many calcifying marine organisms. However, mechanisms driving such events not well understood. Here, we use high‐frequency output from fully coupled Earth system model all processes influence surface temperature budgets ultimately [H ] Ω anomalies quantify onset decline high low events. We show enhanced plays crucial role extremes, with increased net heat being dominant driver event subtropics. In mid‐to‐high latitudes, decreased downward vertical diffusion mixing warm waters during summer, carbon‐rich subsurface winter main drivers onset. tropics, increases advection primary extremes. contrast, extremes driven most regions by concentration due waters. Our study highlights complex interplay between OAX provides first foundation for more accurate prediction their future evolution.

Language: Английский

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A decade-long cruise time series (2008–2018) of physical and biogeochemical conditions in the southern Salish Sea, North America

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 837 - 865

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract. Coastal and estuarine waters of the northern California Current system southern Salish Sea host an observational network capable characterizing biogeochemical dynamics related to ocean acidification, hypoxia, marine heatwaves. Here, we compiled data sets from a set cruises conducted in Puget Sound (southern Sea) its boundary (Strait Juan de Fuca Washington coast). This product provides decade with consistent formatting, extended quality control, multiple units for parameters such as oxygen different end use needs conventions. All obtained high-quality temperature, salinity, inorganic carbon, nutrient, observations provide insight into dynamic distribution physical conditions this large urban estuary complex on west coast North America. At all sampling stations, conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) casts included sensors measuring conductivity, pressure, concentrations. Laboratory analyses discrete water samples collected at stations throughout column Niskin bottles provided measurements dissolved carbon (DIC), oxygen, nutrient (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate), total alkalinity (TA) content. includes 35 research cruises, including 715 oceanographic profiles, >7490 sensor oxygen; ≥6070 samples; ≥4462 variables (i.e., DIC TA). The comprising cruise compilation collectively characterize spatial temporal variability region ranges (temperature = 6.0–21.8 ∘C, salinity 15.6–34.0) (oxygen 12–481 µmol kg−1, 1074–2362 1274–2296 kg−1) central understanding acidification hypoxia productive numerous interacting human impacts ecosystems. conform climate-quality observing guidelines Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network, US National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration's Program, community best practices. ongoing time series supports coastal monitoring objectives Center Administration (NOAA) Research programs, it diverse users information needed frame biological research, validate numerical models, inform state tribal fisheries management, support decision-makers. 2008–2018 time-series used publication are available https://doi.org/10.25921/zgk5-ep63 (Alin et al., 2022).

Language: Английский

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Single‐Larva RNA Sequencing Reveals That Red Sea Urchin Larvae Are Vulnerable to Co‐Occurring Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions have been increasing rapidly in recent years, driving pH and oxygen levels to record low concentrations the oceans. Eastern boundary upwelling systems such as California Current System (CCS) experience exacerbated ocean acidification hypoxia (OAH) due physical chemical properties of transported deeper waters. Research efforts significantly increased years investigate deleterious effects climate change on marine species, but not focused impacts simultaneous OAH stressor exposure. Additionally, few studies explored physiological these environmental stressors earliest life stages, which are more vulnerable represent natural population bottlenecks organismal cycles. The response ecologically commercially important red sea urchin ( Mesocentrotus franciscanus ) was assessed by exposing larvae a variety conditions, mimicking range relevant conditions encountered currently near future along CCS. Skeleton dissolution, larval development, gene expression show with clearly delineated thresholds that were related severity. Skeletal dissolution induction Acid‐sensing Ion Channel 1A at 7.94/5.70 DO mg/L provide particularly sensitive markers OAH, dramatic shifts morphology detected pH/DO transition 7.71/3.71–7.27/2.72 mg/L. Experimental simulations describe establish molecular exposure will fishery management tools predict patterns recruitment forecast dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Effect of ocean acidification on the oxygen consumption of the sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) and Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758) living in CO2 natural gradients

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Ocean acidification (OA) stands out as one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. OA leads a reduction in availability carbonate ions, which are essential for calcifiers such echinoderms. We aim understand physiological responses two sea urchin species, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula low pH conditions determine whether their result from phenotypic plasticity or local adaptation. The study is divided into parts: response over time, measuring respiration rates individuals Mediterranean Sea exposed seven days, adaptation under changing pH, analyzing inhabiting gradient natural CO 2 vent system located La Palma Island, Spain. Over days exposure, distinct patterns were revealed, with both species demonstrating potential acclimatization. Notably, P. A. displayed unsynchronized acidosis/alkalosis cycles, suggesting different mechanisms. Additionally, environmental history seemed influence adaptive capacity, specimens fluctuating environments exhibited similar those stable heightened plasticity. Overall, our results suggest that possess capacity metabolic plasticity, may enhance resilience future scenarios but likely involve energetic costs. Moreover, systems serve refugia, facilitating long-term survival. Understanding plastic versus adaptations crucial predicting effects on distribution abundance organisms ongoing climate change.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry Research─Implications for Teaching and Learning

Journal of Chemical Education, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important tool in modern scientific research, particularly chemistry and related disciplines. Despite its growing relevance, the discussion of AI as a research (secondary) education remains limited. To address this gap, review applications chemical chemistry-related was first carried out. According to this, is being used most frequently fields pharmacology biochemistry mainly make predictions design molecules. Based on workshop for pre- in-service teachers conducted provide initial overview research. The introduced key areas such retrosynthesis, protein structure prediction, image processing, autonomous laboratories, fostering awareness AI's role innovation. Participating secondary science reported increased familiarity with expressed intentions incorporate these topics into their teaching. findings highlight importance targeted teacher training programs strengthen Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) emerging field. In addition, insights were gained how could be structured future enable discuss "AI science" lessons. This emphasizes need empower educators bridge gap between advancements education, preparing students new career opportunities AI-driven sciences. Although work provides indications possible approaches integration lessons, further still needed area.

Language: Английский

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Ocean warming and CO2-driven acidification can alter the toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments to the meiofauna community

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 885, P. 163687 - 163687

Published: May 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 177 - 199

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Abstract. The pH of coastal seawater varies based on several local forcings, such as water circulation, terrestrial inputs, and biological processes, these forcings are changing along with global climate change. Understanding the mechanism variation in each area is thus important for a realistic future projection that considers changes forcings. From 2020 to 2021, we performed parallel year-round observations related ocean parameters at five stations around Japanese coast (Miyako Bay, Shizugawa Kashiwazaki Coast, Hinase Archipelago, Ohno Strait) understand characteristics short-term variations their Annual variability (∼ 1 standard deviation) aragonite saturation state (Ωar) were 0.05–0.09 0.25–0.29, respectively, three areas low anthropogenic pressures Bay), while it increased 0.16–0.21 0.52–0.58, two medium (Hinase Archipelago Strait Seto Inland Sea). Statistical assessment temporal various timescales revealed most annual variabilities both Ωar derived by timescale <10 d, rather than seasonal-scale variation. Our analyses further illustrated was caused thermodynamic processes equally contributed Ωar. observed results showed acidification < 1.5 occurred occasionally Miyako bays, frequently Strait. Most acidified events low-salinity events. amplitude linearly correlated salinity variation, its regression coefficient time high freshwater input positively nutrient concentration main river flows into area.

Language: Английский

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Effects of metals in sediment under acidification and temperature rise scenarios on reproduction of the copepod Nitokra sp.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 117125 - 117125

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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