Hygiene,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
3(4), P. 406 - 415
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Good
hand
hygiene
has
proven
to
be
essential
in
reducing
the
uncontrolled
spread
of
human
pathogens.
Cold
atmospheric
plasma
(CAP)
may
provide
an
alternative
disinfecting
hands
with
ethanol-based
handrubs
when
handwashing
facilities
are
unavailable.
CAP
can
safely
applied
skin
if
energy
is
well
controlled.
In
this
study,
radio
frequency
(RF)
and
direct
current
(DC)
sources
were
built
a
pin-to-mesh
electrodes
configuration
inside
fused
silica
tube
5
mm
inner
diameter.
Microbiological
assays
based
on
EN
13697:2015+A1:2019
using
Escherichia
coli
DSM
682
or
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
20044
used
examine
antimicrobial
effect
various
conditions.
Metal
silicone
disks
that
model
as
inoculation
matrices.
The
prototype
air
RF
achieved
significant
disinfection
MHz
range
stainless
steel
substrates.
This
equivalent
half
performance
CAP,
which
only
effective
conductive
Using
electricity
could,
further
optimization
increase
its
efficacy,
replace
complement
methods,
mitigate
economic
burden
public
health
crises
future.
Emerging
mercury-free
ultraviolet
(UV)
sources,
such
as
krypton
chloride
excimer
(KrCl*)
lamps
and
UV
light
emitting
diodes
(UV-LEDs),
emit
diverse
wavelengths
with
distinct
inactivation
mechanisms.
The
combined
application
has
the
potential
to
improve
disinfection
effectiveness
through
synergism.
In
this
study,
a
mini-fluidic
photoreaction
system
equipped
KrCl*
lamp
(222
nm)
strip
of
UV-LEDs
(275
was
developed,
which
could
individually/simultaneously
deliver
accurate
radiation(s)
at
222
nm
(0.32
mW
cm–2)
or/and
275
(0.50
cm–2).
Dual-wavelength
(DWUV)
radiations
demonstrated
substantial
synergistic
effect
on
Escherichia
coli
(E.
coli)
coefficients
reaching
up
1.92,
while
no
observed
for
PR772
bacteriophage
(PR772)
inactivation.
Moreover,
DWUV
significantly
(p
<
0.05)
suppressed
reactivation
E.
in
subsequent
light/dark
treatment.
For
coli,
underlying
mechanism
be
ascribed
increased
level
reactive
oxygen
species
induced
by
radiations,
not
only
enhanced
damaging
proteins
lipids,
but
also
DNA
repair
enzymes.
PR772,
although
protein
damages
caused
did
yield
effect,
damage
prevented
viral
from
entering
host
cells
repair,
thereby
suppressing
reactivation.
This
study
helps
develop
more
effective
technologies
using
radiations.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(24), P. 9064 - 9074
Published: May 31, 2023
Far-UVC
radiation
is
an
emerging
tool
for
combating
pathogenic
microorganisms
in
water,
but
its
vulnerability
to
water
matrix
components
remains
unclear.
We
herein
report
the
critical
impacts
of
nitrate
during
disinfection
water.
Nitrate
at
environmentally
relevant
concentrations
(0.5–10.0
mg-N
L–1)
significantly
inhibits
Escherichia
coli
inactivation
by
222
nm,
via
prolonging
"lag
phase"
and
reducing
rate
constants
1.08–2.74
times,
while
it
shows
negligible
impact
on
E.
UVC
254
nm.
The
inhibitory
attributed
strong
light-shielding
effect.
Although
hydroxyl
radicals
reactive
nitrogen
species
are
generated
from
photolysis
high
10–13
∼10–7
M,
respectively,
those
unable
compensate
effect
inactivation.
Moreover,
lead
formation
nitrogenous
byproducts,
which
increase
genotoxicity
findings
advance
fundamental
photochemistry
radical
chemistry
nm
provide
useful
insights
guide
operation
treating
nitrate-containing
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
57(51), P. 21876 - 21887
Published: Nov. 18, 2023
Effective
and
affordable
disinfection
technology
is
one
key
to
achieving
Sustainable
Development
Goal
6.
In
this
work,
we
develop
a
process
by
integrating
Far-UVC
irradiation
at
222
nm
with
free
chlorine
(UV222/chlorine)
for
rapid
inactivation
of
the
chlorine-resistant
opportunistic
Aspergillus
niger
spores
in
drinking
water.
The
UV222/chlorine
achieves
5.0-log
A.
dosage
3.0
mg
L-1
UV
fluence
30
mJ
cm-2
deionized
water,
tap
surface
rate
constant
0.55
min-1,
which
4.6-fold,
5.5-fold,
1.8-fold,
respectively,
higher
than
those
UV222
alone,
chlorination
conventional
UV254/chlorine
under
comparable
conditions.
more
efficient
mainly
attributed
enhanced
generation
reactive
species
(e.g.,
6.7
×
10-15
M
Cl•)
instead
hydroxyl
radicals
from
photolysis
chlorine,
verified
through
both
experiments
kinetic
model.
We
further
demonstrate
that
damages
membrane
integrity
benefits
penetration
into
cells
inactivation.
merits
over
also
include
effective
inhibition
photoreactivation
after
lower
formation
chlorinated
byproducts
toxicity.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(12), P. 5578 - 5588
Published: March 13, 2024
The
removal
of
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
(ARB)
and
antibiotic-resistance
genes
(ARGs)
using
sulfate
anion
radical
(SO4•–)-based
advanced
oxidation
processes
has
gained
considerable
attention
recently.
However,
immense
uncertainties
persist
in
technology
transfer.
Particularly,
the
impact
dichlorine
(Cl2•–)
generation
during
SO4•–-mediated
disinfection
on
ARB/ARGs
remains
unclear,
despite
Cl2•–
concentration
reaching
levels
notably
higher
than
those
SO4•–
certain
SO4•–-based
procedures
applied
to
secondary
effluents,
hospital
wastewaters,
marine
waters.
experimental
results
this
study
reveal
a
detrimental
effect
efficiency
tetracycline-resistant
Escherichia
coli
(Tc-ARB)
treatment
owing
generation.
Through
comparative
investigation
distinct
inactivation
mechanisms
Tc-ARB
Cl2•–-
processes,
encompassing
various
perspectives,
we
confirm
that
is
less
effective
inducing
cellular
structural
damage,
perturbing
metabolic
activity,
disrupting
antioxidant
enzyme
system,
damaging
genetic
material,
viable
but
nonculturable
state.
Consequently,
diminishes
Importantly,
indicate
increases
potential
risk
associated
with
dark
reactivation
vertical
gene
transfer
process
following
disinfection.
This
underscores
undesired
role
for
process.
