The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 921, P. 170318 - 170318
Published: Jan. 25, 2024
Language: Английский
Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(46), P. 18282 - 18295
Published: April 28, 2023
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) chemical composition has strong and diverse impacts on the planetary environment, climate, health. These effects are still not well understood due to limited surface observations uncertainties in model simulations. We developed a four-dimensional spatiotemporal deep forest (4D-STDF) estimate daily PM2.5 at spatial resolution of 1 km China since 2000 by integrating measurements species from high-density observation network, satellite retrievals, atmospheric reanalyses, Cross-validation results illustrate reliability sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), chloride (Cl-) estimates, with high coefficients determination (CV-R2) ground-based 0.74, 0.75, 0.71, 0.66, average root-mean-square errors (RMSE) 6.0, 6.6, 4.3, 2.3 μg/m3, respectively. The three components secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) account for 21% 20% 14% (NH4+) total mass eastern China; we observed significant reductions 40-43% between 2013 2020, slowing down 2018. Comparatively, ratio SIA increased 7% across except Beijing nearby areas, accelerating recent years. SO42- been dominant component China, although it was surpassed NO3- some e.g., Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region 2016. SIA, accounting nearly half (∼46%) mass, drove explosive formation winter haze episodes North Plain. A sharp decline concentrations an increase SIA-to-PM2.5 ratios during COVID-19 lockdown were also revealed, reflecting enhanced oxidation capacity particles.
Language: Английский
Citations
95
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(8), P. 1339 - 1361
Published: April 28, 2023
Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China the last 25 years since concept of "air pollution complex" was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG 1997. For papers published 2021 on air (only included Web Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 authored or co-authored scientists working China. In this paper, we review a limited number representative and significant studies atmospheric few years, including (1) sources emission inventories, (2) chemical processes, (3) interactions with meteorology, weather climate, (4) between biosphere atmosphere, (5) data assimilation. The intention not to provide complete all progress made but rather serve as starting point for learning about advances reviewed paper have enabled theoretical framework complex be established, provided robust scientific support highly successful control policies China, created great opportunities education, training, career development many graduate students young scientists. This further highlights that developing low-income countries are heavily affected can benefit from these advances, whilst at same time acknowledging challenges still remain hopefully addressed over next decades.
Language: Английский
Citations
36
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(10), P. 6580 - 6590
Published: March 1, 2024
The multiphase oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to form sulfate is a complex and important process in the atmosphere. While conventional photosensitized reaction mainly explored bulk medium reported be one drivers trigger atmospheric production, how this scheme functionalizes at air–water interface (AWI) aerosol remains an open question. Herein, employing advanced size-controllable microdroplet-printing device, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis, nanosecond transient adsorption spectrometer, molecular level theoretical calculations, we revealed previously overlooked interfacial role SO2 humic-like substance (HULIS) aerosol, where 3–4 orders magnitude increase formation rate was speculated cloud relevant-sized particles relative bulk-phase medium. rapid battery reactive oxygen species (ROS) comes from accelerated electron transfer AWI, excited triplet state HULIS (3HULIS*) incomplete solvent cage can readily capture electrons HSO3– way that more efficient than fully blocked by water molecules. This phenomenon could explained significantly reduced desolvation energy barrier required for reagents residing AWI region with shell.
Language: Английский
Citations
12
Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(6), P. 2912 - 2921
Published: Jan. 22, 2024
Currently, atmospheric sulfate aerosols cannot be predicted reliably by numerical models because the pathways and kinetics of formation are unclear. Here, we systematically investigated synergetic catalyzing role transition-metal ions (TMIs, Fe3+/Mn2+) in oxidation SO2 O2 on using chamber experiments. Our results showed that effect TMIs is critically dependent aerosol pH due to solubility Fe(III) species sensitive aqueous phase acidity, which effective only under < 3 conditions. The rate 2 orders magnitude larger than bulk solution increases significantly smaller aerosols, suggesting such a synergetic-catalyzed occurs surface. kinetic reaction can described as R = k*[H+]−2.95[Mn(II)][Fe(III)][S(IV)] (pH ≤ 3.0). We found TMI-synergetic-catalyzed dominant pathway Beijing when haze particles very acidic, while heterogeneous NO2 most important weakly acidic. work for first time clarified periods, parameterized into future studies formation.
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(20), P. 13467 - 13493
Published: Oct. 19, 2022
Abstract. The importance of dust heterogeneous oxidation in the removal atmospheric SO2 and formation sulfate aerosols is not adequately understood. In this study, Fe-, Ti-, Al-bearing components, Na+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+ surface, were discovered to be closely associated with sulfate. Regression models then developed make a reliable prediction reactivity based on particle chemical compositions. Further, recognized gas-phase, aqueous-phase, routes quantitatively assessed kinetically compared by combining laboratory work modelling study. presence 55 µg m−3 airborne dust, accounts for approximately 28.6 % secondary during nighttime, while proportion decreases 13.1 solar irradiation. On drivers (e.g. transition metal constituents, water-soluble ions) are more efficient than surface-adsorbed oxidants H2O2, NO2, O3) conversion SO2, particularly nighttime. Dust offers an opportunity explain missing source severe haze pollution events, its contribution complex environments could even higher current calculation results. Overall, surface responsible significant have profound impacts sulfur cycling.
Language: Английский
Citations
37
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
Abstract Fine-particle pollution associated with high sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) contents still occurs in winter, despite considerable reductions precursor emissions China. The chemical mechanisms involved are consistently acknowledged to be linked water but remain poorly understood. Here, we present findings demonstrating that the synergistic effect of elevated content particles originating from fossil fuel combustion significantly enhanced rapid formation SOAs under humidity conditions during winter northern presence promoted aging process containing elemental carbon (EC) facilitated SOAs. Evidence single reveals an increased potential for SOA primary aerosols (POAs) combustion, increasing water. Under relative exceeding 85%, multiphase oxidation SO 2 by in-particle nitrite/nitrous acid, generated through reactions involving aged EC-containing iron-rich particles, as well aqueous-phase hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), led a substantial increase production. This study emphasizes critical role chemistry concerning SOAs, highlighting urgent necessity mitigate combustion.
Language: Английский
Citations
17
Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(3)
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Abstract Sulfate aerosol greatly contributes to wintertime haze pollution in emission‐intensive regions like the North China Plain (NCP) China. Fast sulfate increase and accumulation are usually recorded during winter haze; however, multiphase oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) physical processes affecting near‐surface not fully understood. By combining situ observations numerical simulations, we found that high ratios (>0.6) under heavily polluted conditions associated with low clouds fog over NCP, induced by moist southerly airflow. Thick SO levels NCP provide a reaction environment for production. The production rate cloud water can reach 0.5–1.3 μg m −3 h −1 . results demonstrate vertical mixing generated within surface plays significant role rapid production, highlighting importance understanding cloud‐water pollution.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 128(16)
Published: Aug. 20, 2023
Abstract The evolution and the impacts of meteorological conditions on brown carbon (BrC) absorption are not understood, which hinders assessment BrC radiative forcing. To address this issue, 1‐hr time‐resolved PM 2.5 samples collected during three haze events in North China Plain prior to COVID‐19 pandemic were used measure optical properties BrC. By coupling excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy, chemical tracer analysis with multiple model including positive factorization (PMF) a deweather‐random forest model, we found that higher proportion highly oxidized chromophoric components was present water‐soluble than methanol‐soluble BrC, indicating conversion low‐oxidized water‐insoluble into day. results PMF showed aqueous secondary processes major contributor (68% ± 38%), changes such as relative humidity (RH) could significantly lead light‐absorbing capacity especially enhancement for bleaching noon afternoon. We further increased RH increases maximum ∼65%, then decreased when >65%, highlighting important role generation
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 6635 - 6662
Published: June 6, 2024
Abstract. Winter fog and severe aerosol loading in the boundary layer over northern India, particularly Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), disrupt daily lives of millions people region. To better understand role aerosol–radiation (AR) feedback on occurrence, spatial extent, persistence winter fog, as well associated aqueous chemistry IGP, several model simulations have been performed using Weather Research Forecasting coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). While WRF-Chem was able to represent formation for 23–24 December 2017 event central IGP comparison station satellite observations, underestimated PM2.5 concentrations compared Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) India monitoring network. evaluating composition events we found that quite different from measurements obtained during Fog Experiment (WiFEX) Delhi, secondary aerosols, chloride fraction, being strongly underpredicted (∼ 66.6 %). Missing emission sources (e.g., industry residential burning cow dung trash) processes need be investigated improve model–observation agreement. By investigating a weakens turbulence, lowers height, increases relative humidity (RH) within layer. Factors affecting include loss aerosols through deposition cloud droplets internal mixing absorbing scattering aerosols. Aqueous-phase concentrations, which subsequently affect by both increased mass sizes. With interaction aqueous-phase chemistry, began 1–2 h earlier caused longer duration than when these were not included simulation. The increase RH experiments important it promoted growth size water uptake, increasing content IGP. results this study suggest play an air quality intensity lifetime yet other feedbacks, such aerosol–cloud interactions, quantified.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Environmental Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100337 - 100337
Published: Dec. 20, 2022
Ambient PM2.5 pollution can affect human health and the environment in global megacities. Secondary is produced by physical chemical reactions of primary air pollutants. Sources secondary Bangkok have been considered most on-target investigations for control management quality. This research aims to identify vertical distribution sources Bangkok, Thailand. Vertical distributions haze non-haze periods were collected at different heights (30, 75, 110 m above ground level) Air Pollutants Monitoring Tower, Kasetsart University (KU tower) between November 2020 July 2021. The carbon components analyzed an OCEC analyzer using IMPROVE thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) protocol, ionic species determined ion chromatography. results showed that organic (OC) elemental (EC) ratios tended increase with altitude 30, range 2.0 - 7.7, 3.4 8.0 3.0 16.6, respectively. In period (Jan-Feb 2021), SOC within was highest which 24.5%. addition, key SOC, NO3−, NH4+, SO42− found aerosols Bangkok. compositions indicated mainly contributed local vehicle exhaust (30 m) long-range transported biomass burning (75 m). provides useful information could be applied urban management.
Language: Английский
Citations
22