In
the
21st
century,
micro-
and
nanoplastics
have
become
among
emerging
global
pollutants
resulting
from
excessive
use
of
plastic
products
disposal
waste
extensively.
These
are
persistent,
tend
to
accumulate
in
environment,
a
negative
impact
on
both
human
health
ecology.
Accurate
identification
quantification
using
suitable
analytical
methods
important
better
understand
mitigate
effects
these
pollutants.
Various
conventional
advanced
been
applied
for
analysis
environment.
Owing
severity
this
issue,
new
approaches
based
combination
two
or
more
methods.
Different
microscopic,
spectroscopic,
thermal,
electroanalytical
techniques
widely
used
different
environmental
compartments.
Each
has
advantages
disadvantages.
Recently,
development
application
seen
an
exponential
growth.
Therefore,
chapter
presents
developments
single
methods,
bi-analytical
multi-analytical
by
emphasizing
developed
employed
nanoplastics.
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
40(3), P. 848 - 859
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
While
spICP-MS
has
been
used
mainly
to
measure
nanoparticles,
it
can
also
be
microparticles.
The
transport
efficiency
of
nanoparticles
is
typically
independent
their
size.
However,
the
microparticles
particle
size
(mass)
dependent
as
well
being
on
sample
uptake
rate
and
introduction
system
used.
To
both
a
very
large
linear
dynamic
range
(where
signal
intensity
linearly
proportional
measured
analyte(s)
mass
within
short
measurement
time
(∼300
500
µs,
width
signals
produced
by
an
individual
particle))
needed.
Deviations
from
linearity
could
occur
due
incomplete
vaporization
or
that
are
beyond
instrument's
ion
detection
range.
characterize
determine
cause
nonlinearity
we
sets
nearly
monodisperse
engineered
SiO2
particles
with
diameters
5000
nm
Au
60
1500
nm.
We
found
reducing
sensitivity
(up
factor
269×)
upper
end
range,
in
intensities
were
(analyte)
mass,
greatly
extended.
Not
surprisingly,
increased
minimum
detectable
particle.
results
consistent
completely
vaporized
ICP.
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
95(41), P. 15318 - 15324
Published: Oct. 3, 2023
Single
particle
inductively
coupled
plasma
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometry
(spICP-TOFMS)
is
a
powerful
analytical
technique
for
quantifying
elements
in
nanoparticles
and
microparticles;
however,
like
most
ICP-MS-based
measurements,
matrix
effects
can
be
major
challenge
accurate
quantification
spICP-MS.
Here,
we
report
the
use
of
online
microdroplet
calibration
to
overcome
extreme
observed
analysis
microparticles
seawater.
With
calibration,
particle-containing
samples
are
introduced
into
ICP
along
with
monodisperse
microdroplets
containing
known
element
amounts.
The
standards,
which
experience
same
conditions
as
analyte
particles,
used
measure
matrix-matched
absolute
sensitivities.
one
multielemental
standard
determine
amounts
diverse
types
particles
independent
sample
matrix.
We
evaluate
tolerance
spICP-TOFMS
through
metal
nanoparticles,
polystyrene
microplastic
beads
doped
rare-earth
elements,
metal-oxide
submicrometer
artificial
Our
results
demonstrate
recoveries
98-90%
individual
gold
NPs
ultrapure
water
99%
In
food-grade
TiO2
submicron
Ti-mass
per
determined
matrix-caused
signal
attenuation
up
80%
pure
seawater
also
diameter
determinations
3.4
μm
at
concentrations
simulated
Furthermore,
simultaneous
achieved.
Nanoscale,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(26), P. 11268 - 11279
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
study
describes
an
interlaboratory
comparison
(ILC)
among
nine
(9)
laboratories
to
evaluate
and
validate
the
standard
operation
procedure
for
single-particle
(sp)
ICP-TOFMS
developed
within
context
of
Horizon
2020
project
ACEnano.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(23), P. 10240 - 10251
Published: May 28, 2024
Microplastics
(MPs)
in
natural
waters
are
heterogeneously
mixed
with
other
particles
including
algal
cells
and
suspended
sediments.
An
easy-to-use
rapid
method
for
directly
measuring
distinguishing
MPs
from
naturally
present
colloids
the
environment
would
expedite
analytical
workflows.
Here,
we
established
a
database
of
MP
scattering
fluorescence
properties,
either
alone
or
mixtures
particles,
by
stain-free
flow
cytometry.
The
resulting
high-dimensional
data
were
analyzed
using
machine
learning
approaches,
unsupervised
(e.g.,
viSNE)
supervised
random
forest
algorithms).
We
assessed
our
approach
identifying
quantifying
model
diverse
sizes,
morphologies,
polymer
compositions
various
suspensions
phototrophic
microorganisms,
biofilms,
mineral
sediment.
could
precisely
quantify
microbial
phototrophs
sediments
high
organic
carbon
both
models
(identification
accuracies
over
93%),
although
it
was
not
possible
to
distinguish
between
different
sizes
compositions.
By
testing
environmental
samples
through
spiking
into
freshwater
samples,
further
highlight
applicability
be
used
as
screening
tool
MPs.
Collectively,
this
workflow
can
easily
applied
set
assess
presence
time-efficient
manner.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
416(11), P. 2773 - 2781
Published: Dec. 8, 2023
Abstract
Recently,
spICP-MS
analyses
of
microplastics
have
demonstrated
that
the
detection
capabilities
ICP-MS
are
sufficient
to
determine
size
and
composition
such
materials.
However,
solution
nebulization
or
microdroplet
generation
limits
sizes
droplets,
microparticles,
cells
can
be
efficiently
introduced
into
commonly
used
horizontal
configurations.
Therefore,
we
development
a
downward-pointing
ICP
coupled
time-of-flight
mass
spectrometer
(ICP-TOFMS),
which
enables
quantitative
transport
large
microdroplets
(diameters
up
90
µm)
ICP.
Here,
report
downward
ICP-TOFMS
for
analysis
single
microplastic
particles.
For
calibration
element
amount
per
particle
cell,
(70
µm
diameter)
composed
multielement
solutions
were
measured
by
ICP-TOFMS.
Microplastic
beads
(polystyrene)
spleenocyte
then
also
embedded
in
with
ion
optics
optimized
signals
from
12
C
+
other
isotopes
interest,
including
140
Ce,
153
Eu,
165
Ho,
175
Lu
REE
31
P
cells.
The
results
achieved
using
prototype
instrument
vertical
demonstrate
plasma
configuration
is
well
suited
analyze
microbead
cell
analyses,
critical
carbon
was
4.8
pg,
mean
determined
amounts
14
23
respectively.
analysis,
detected
corresponds
diameter
2.93
±
0.24
µm,
consistent
scanning
(transmission)
electron
microscopy–determined
2.97
0.04
µm.
Furthermore,
cells,
phosphorus
masses
correlated.
Graphical
abstract
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39(4), P. 1050 - 1056
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
LA-ICP-ToF-MS
elemental
mapping
is
often
referred
to
as
a
semi-quantitative
approach,
but
in
this
work
it
was
demonstrated
capable
of
providing
quantitative
2D
element
distribution
maps
for
micrometeorites
with
high
accuracy
and
precision.