PNAS Nexus,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
4(4)
Published: March 27, 2025
Abstract
The
presence
of
antibiotics
in
surface
waters
poses
risks
to
aquatic
ecosystems
and
human
health
due
their
toxicity
influence
on
antimicrobial
resistance.
After
consumption
partial
metabolism,
antibiotic
residues
are
excreted
undergo
complex
accumulation
decay
processes
along
pathway
from
wastewater
natural
river
systems.
Here,
we
use
a
global
contaminant
fate
model
estimate
that
the
annual
40
most
used
(29,200
tonnes),
8,500
tonnes
(29%)
released
into
system
3,300
(11%)
reach
world's
oceans
or
inland
sinks.
Even
when
only
domestic
sources
considered
(i.e.
not
including
veterinary
industrial
sources),
6
million
km
rivers
worldwide
subject
total
concentrations
excess
thresholds
protective
resistance
promotion
during
low
streamflow
conditions,
with
dominant
contributors
being
amoxicillin,
ceftriaxone,
cefixime.
Therefore,
it
is
concern
alone
represents
significant
risk
for
across
all
continents,
largest
extents
found
Southeast
Asia.
Global
has
grown
rapidly
over
last
15
years
continues
increase,
particularly
low-
middle-income
countries,
requiring
new
strategies
safeguard
water
quality
protect
ecosystem
health.
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(3), P. 92 - 100
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Residual
antimicrobial
agents
in
wastewater
and
solid
waste
from
manufacturing
facilities
can
potentially
contaminate
environments.
The
World
Health
Organization
has
established
technical
guidelines
for
managing
resistance
(AMR)
pharmaceutical
waste.
However,
the
scarcity
of
publicly
available
data
on
processes
impedes
development
effective
mitigation
strategies.
To
address
this
knowledge
gap,
we
developed
a
comprehensive
database
documenting
antibiotics
antibiotic
genes
(ARGs)
actual
samples,
primarily
fermentation
residues.
Through
systematic
review
methodology,
compiled
extensive
searches
English-language
article
databases,
including
Web
Science
PubMed.
contains
270
distinct
samples
collected
across
45
residue
treatment
systems
46
systems,
derived
70
published
articles
spanning
2008
to
2024.
In
operational
facilities,
concentrations
ranged
82
1,663
mg/L
raw
1,000
10,182
mg/kg
dry
matter
(DM)
Various
technologies
demonstrated
significant
reductions
both
ARG
levels
within
wastes.
This
provides
first
global
perspective
contamination
production
processes,
supporting
AMR
management
initiatives.
It
establishes
dynamic,
continuously
updated
platform
accessible
researchers
industry
stakeholders
via
link:
https://dash.drwater.net/antiboard/.
Coal
tar-related
products
as
a
source
of
polycyclic
aromatic
compounds
(PACs)
are
particularly
concerning
due
to
high
PAC
concentrations
and
inadequate
management.
Benzo[b]carbazole,
benzocarbazole
isomer
exclusively
found
in
coal
tar-derived
products,
acts
an
ideal
marker
distinguish
tar
sources
from
others,
enabling
more
robust
quantification
contributions
PACs.
To
evaluate
the
historical
recent
levels
PACs
Lake
Ontario
associated
ecological
risk,
we
analyzed
31
3
BCBz
isomers
surface
sediments
sediment
core.
In
sediments,
summed
ranged
170
11,000
ng/g,
dry
weight,
63–90%
which
were
attributed
16
EPA
hydrocarbons
(PAHs).
Our
results
suggest
contribution
by
contamination
has
increased
over
past
decades
reached
40%
sediments.
Employing
toxicological-priority-index
scheme
for
field
data,
molecular
weight
PAHs
identified
priority
Cumulative
risk
assessments
indicate
that
with
exception
Mimico
Creek,
all
other
sampling
sites
exhibited
elevated
values.
The
transformation
pathways
and
risks
of
emerging
contaminants
(ECs)
in
wastewater
remain
unclear
due
to
the
limited
throughput
nontarget
screening.
In
this
study,
an
improved
method
called
entropy
similarity-driven
reaction
molecular
networking
(ESTRMN)
was
developed
identify
products
(TPs)
wastewater.
detail,
similarity
most
effective
algorithm
for
identifying
parent-product
spectrum
pairs
a
threshold
0.5
it
determined
with
guarantee
high
specificity.
Additionally,
TP
structure
database
predicted
according
known
structures
reactions
established
assist
identification.
Sartan
is
one
commonly
used
angiotensin
II
receptor
blocker
antihypertensive
drugs.
Take
sartans
as
example,
69
TPs
confidence
levels
above
3
were
identified
by
ESTRMN,
43
which
newly
discovered.
common
included
hydroxylation,
hydrolysis,
oxidation,
resulting
majority
sartan
exhibiting
higher
persistence,
mobility,
toxicity
(PMT)
than
their
parents.
concentration
75%
increased
after
treatment
WWTP,
overall
risk
has
not
been
effectively
mitigated.
This
study
emphasizes
role
ESTRMN
incorporating
ECs
into
environmental
monitoring
protocols
assessment
frameworks
management.
Pharmaceuticals
and
their
transformation
products
(TPs)
in
wastewater
are
emerging
contaminants
that
pose
risks
to
ecosystems
human
health.
Here,
a
typical
period
marked
by
the
easing
of
"zero-COVID"
policy
December
2022,
resulting
unprecedented
infections
China,
was
chosen
illustrate
environmental
impact
pharmaceutical
usage
during
COVID-19
pandemic.
A
suspect
screening
workflow
developed
identify
pharmaceuticals
influent
effluent
from
treatment
plant
(WWTP)
peak
postpeak
periods
COVID-19,
integrating
medication
recommendations
TPs'
prediction.
total
114
TPs
were
identified
(13
detected
for
first
time
WWTP)
using
liquid
chromatography
coupled
with
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(LC-HRMS).
Wastewater-based
epidemiology
analysis
showed
most
predominant
nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs.
Interestingly,
consumption
propafenone
increased
after
infection
peak,
possibly
linked
long
symptoms.
Risks
further
evaluated
based
on
concentration,
detection
frequency,
PMT
(persistence,
mobility,
toxicity)
properties,
revealing
aminopyrine,
acetaminophen,
etc.
even
greater
ToxPi
scores
than
parent
compounds.
This
study
highlights
elevated
posed
discharge
epidemics
necessity
monitoring.
