Principles of fire ecology

Fire Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract Fire ecology is a complex discipline that can only be understood by integrating biological, physical, and social sciences. The science of fire explores wildland fire’s mechanisms effects across all scales time space. However, the lack defined, organizing concepts in dilutes its collective impact on knowledge management decision-making makes vulnerable to misunderstanding misappropriation. has matured as deserves an enunciation unique emergent principles organization. Most scientific disciplines have established theories, laws, been tested, debated, adopted discipline’s practitioners. Such reflect consensus current knowledge, guide methodology interpretation, expose gaps coherent structured way. In this manuscript, we introduce five comprehensive define produced provide framework support continued development discipline.

Language: Английский

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Detection of Airborne Coccidioides Spores Using Lightweight Portable Air Samplers Affixed to Uncrewed Aircraft Systems in California’s Central Valley

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 28, 2025

Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by inhalation of Coccidioides spp. spores. While airborne dispersal critical to transmission, limited recovery the pathogen from air has hindered understanding aerosolization and transport Here, we examine uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) with portable, active samplers as a novel means capturing aerosolized characterizing emissions exposure risk. We sampled in September 2023 eastern San Luis Obispo County, California, area confirmed immitis soils. completed 41 20 min flights across 14 sites using UAS equipped 8 L/min bioaerosol sampler low-cost particulate matter sensor. source soils under ambient conditions one at 1-10 m above ground level, simulated high-dust event two UAS, <2 height 5-12 m. detected DNA 2 samples (4.9%), both representing highest known detection. Spatially explicit UAS-based sampling could enhance aerobiology enable detection hard-to-reach or hazardous masses, including dust storms wildfire smoke.

Language: Английский

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Evidence for Wildland Fire Smoke Transport of Microbes From Terrestrial Sources to the Atmosphere and Back

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Smoke from wildland fires contains more diverse, viable microbes than typical ambient air, yet little is known about the sources and sinks of smoke‐borne microorganisms. Data molecular‐based surveys suggest that microorganisms originate material associated with vegetation underlying soils becomes aerosolized during combustion, however, in smoke have not been experimentally assessed. To elucidate this link, we studied high‐intensity forest Fishlake National Forest, Utah, USA applied source‐sink modeling to assemblages 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences recovered samples smoke, vegetation, soil. Our results 70% bacterial taxa originated local aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) (33%) soil (37%) communities. In comparison, 42% bacteria air sampled prior could be attributed these terrestrial sources. When were modeled as communities, they contributed an average 25% versus estimated contribution <4% air. provide support for role fire dispersal working hypothesis environmental reservoir receiving ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Dispersal of microbes from grassland fire smoke to soils

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Generating fuel consumption maps on prescribed fire experiments from airborne laser scanning

International Journal of Wildland Fire, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(8)

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Background Characterisation of fuel consumption provides critical insights into fire behaviour, effects, and emissions. Stand-replacing prescribed experiments in central Utah offered an opportunity to generate estimates coordination with other research efforts. Aims We sought maps using pre- post-fire airborne laser scanning (ALS) ground measurements test the spatial transferability ALS-derived models. Methods Using random forest (RF), we empirically modelled load estimated from differences. used cross-validation assess RF model performance transferability. Key results Consumption for overstory fuels were more precise accurate than subcanopy fuels. Transferring models provide areas without training data resulted loss precision accuracy. Conclusions Fuel produced are available researchers who collected coincident emissions data. The accuracy these vary by type. Transferability novel depends on user’s tolerance error. Implications This study fills a need broader set efforts linking

Language: Английский

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Autoimmune Diseases Following Environmental Disasters: A Narrative Review of the Literature

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 1767 - 1767

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Environmental disasters are extreme environmental processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, tsunamis, floods, cyclones, storms, wildfires and droughts that the consequences of climate crisis due to human intervention in environment. Their effects on health have alarmed global scientific community. Among them, autoimmune diseases, a heterogeneous group disorders, increased dramatically many parts world, likely result changes our exposure factors. However, only limited number studies attempted discover analyze complex association between diseases. This narrative review has therefore tried fill this gap. First all, activation pathways autoimmunity after been analyzed. It also shown wildfires, desert dust storms eruptions may damage induce responses inhaled PM2.5, mainly through oxidative stress pathways, pro-inflammatory cytokines epithelial barrier damage. In addition, it heat stress, addition increasing cytokines, disrupt intestinal barrier, thereby its permeability toxins pathogens or inducing epigenetic changes. toxic elements accelerate progressive destruction myelin, which potentially trigger multiple sclerosis. The diverse mechanisms by vector-borne, water-, food-, rodent-borne diseases often follow described. post-disaster onset worsening disease demonstrated. Given all above, rapid restoration services mitigate flare-up conditions is critical.

Language: Английский

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Cross-cutting research and future directions under the GAPS networks

Environmental Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 798 - 807

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The GAPs networks are engaging in cross-cutting studies across fields of science and policy to address future challenges.

Language: Английский

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An Interdisciplinary Approach to Coordinated Data Collection for Wildland Fire Science: the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE)

IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2588 - 2592

Published: July 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Detection of airborneCoccidioidesspores using lightweight portable air samplers affixed to uncrewed aircraft systems in California's Central Valley

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by inhalation of

Language: Английский

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