PFC/PFAS concentrations in human milk and infant exposure through lactation: a comprehensive review of the scientific literature

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), previously known as perfluorinated compounds (PFC), are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used over the past decades. Their extensive application, combined with their environmental persistence, has contributed to ubiquitous presence in environment associated toxicological risks. Regarding humans, blood serum testing remains primary method for biomonitoring PFAS exposure, while breast milk also been due transfer these from mothers infants during lactation. This paper aims review scientific literature (using PubMed Scopus databases) on concentrations non-occupationally exposed women. Where available, estimated daily intake by breastfeeding is examined. The reviewed studies categorized continent country/region, revealing significant lack data many countries, including both developed developing nations. findings indicate substantial variability concentrations, influenced factors such geographic location, sampling year, specific analyzed. Among identified compounds, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) most commonly detected, along perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS) perfluorononanoic (PFNA), being only regulated maximum levels certain foodstuffs. Most were conducted before implementation current (updated) tolerable weekly (TWI) values substances. Consequently, majority reported low health risk infants, even high-intake scenarios. Nevertheless, urgently needed countries limited or no data, new investigations should assess whether intakes exceed updated TWI. Special focus be given rural industrial areas where exposure remain poorly understood.

Language: Английский

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Integrating the milk microbiome signatures in mastitis: milk-omics and functional implications

World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 41(2)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Mammalian milk contains a variety of complex bioactive and nutritional components microorganisms. These microorganisms have diverse compositions functional roles that impact host health disease pathophysiology, especially mastitis. The advent use high throughput omics technologies, including metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, metametabolomics, as well culturomics in microbiome studies suggest strong relationships between phenotype signatures While single undoubtedly contributed to our current understanding mastitis, they often provide limited information, targeting only biological viewpoint which is insufficient system-wide information necessary for elucidating the footprints molecular mechanisms driving mastitis dysbiosis. Therefore, integrating multi-omics approach research could generate new knowledge, improve structural ecosystem, insights sustainable control management.

Language: Английский

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Untargeted metabolomics and machine learning unveil the exposome and metabolism linked with the risk of early pregnancy loss

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 137362 - 137362

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

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Vertical Metabolome Transfer from Mother to Child: An Explainable Machine Learning Method for Detecting Metabolomic Heritability

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 136 - 136

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Vertical transmission of metabolic constituents from mother to child contributes the manifestation disease phenotypes in early life. This study probes vertical metabolites mothers offspring by utilizing machine learning techniques differentiate between true mother-child dyads and randomly paired non-dyads. Employing random forests (RF), light gradient boosting (LGBM), logistic regression (Elasticnet) models, we analyzed metabolite concentration discrepancies pairs, with maternal plasma sampled at 24 weeks gestation children's 6 months. The propensity transfer was quantified, reflecting likelihood accurate matching. Our findings were substantiated against an external test set further verified through statistical tests, while models explained using permutation importance SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). best model achieved RF, xenobiotics shown be highly relevant transfer. reaffirms certain metabolites, such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), but also reveals additional insights into influence on child's metabolome. We discuss multifaceted nature These learning-driven complement conventional epidemiological offer a novel perspective methodology for understanding interactions.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Lifestyle Factors Affecting Breast Milk Composition and Infant Health: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 62 - 62

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

Background/Objectives: Breast milk is a dynamic, personalized nutrition source, influenced by maternal diet, lifestyle, and environmental factors, which shape its composition impact infant health. This review synthesizes evidence on the associations between lifestyles (e.g., physical activity, smoking), breast composition, child health, offering insights for interventions to optimize breastfeeding benefits. Methods: We searched Web of Science, Medline, Embase, PubMed studies published up March 2024 using predefined terms. Results: Out 5244 articles, 20 met inclusion criteria. Maternal Body Mass Index macronutrient intake significantly affected fatty acid influencing growth, cognitive development, metabolic Micronutrient intake, particularly iodine, omega-3 acids, vitamins, was linked better neurodevelopment reduced atopic risks. diet supplementation improved nutrient profiles outcomes, though exposure toxins like ochratoxin A raised concerns. Smoking associated with altered including lower osteopontin levels, potentially affecting immunity growth. Conclusions: emphasizes that adequate key nutrients essential highlighting need policies address nutritional deficiencies, promote healthy lifestyles, reduce socio-economic barriers. These efforts can improve outcomes both mothers children, enhancing public health reducing disparities.

Language: Английский

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PFC/PFAS Concentrations in Human Milk and Infant Exposure Through Lactation: A Comprehensive Review of the Scientific Literature

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), previously known as perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used over the past decades. Their extensive application, combined with their environmental persistence, has contributed to ubiquitous presence in environment associated toxicological risks. Regarding human health, blood serum testing remains primary method for biomonitoring PFAS exposure, while breast milk also been studied due transfer these from mothers infants during lactation. This paper aims review scientific literature (using PubMed Scopus databases) on concentrations non-occupationally exposed women. Where available, estimated daily intake by breastfeeding is examined. The reviewed studies categorized continent country/region. While China is, far, country most information we have observed significant lack data many countries, including both developed developing nations. findings indicate substantial variability concentrations, influenced factors such geographic location, sampling year, specific analyzed. Among identified compounds, PFOS PFOA commonly detected, along PFHxS PFNA, which only regulated maximum levels certain foodstuffs. Most were conducted before implementation current (updated) tolerable weekly (TWI) values substances. Consequently, majority reported low health risk infants, even high-intake scenarios. Nevertheless, urgently needed countries limited or no data, new investigations should assess whether intakes exceed updated TWI. Special focus be given rural industrial areas where exposure remain poorly understood.

Language: Английский

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Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with human milk metabolomic profiles in a rural North American cohort

Environmental Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. e352 - e352

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of persistent synthetic chemicals that found in human milk associated with negative health effects. Research suggests PFAS affect both lactation the metabolome. Methods: We measured perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) 425 participants from New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A nontargeted metabolomics assay was performed LC high-resolution MS, metabolites were identified based on in-house database matching. observed six metabolic profiles among our samples self-organizing maps, multinomial logistic regression used to identify sociodemographic perinatal predictors these profiles, including infant sex, parity, participant body index, age, education, race, smoking status, gestational weight gain, age at time collection. Results: Elevated PFOA containing higher amounts triglyceride fatty acids, glycerophospholipids sphingolipids, carnitine metabolites, as well lower lactose creatine phosphate. Lower concentrations PFOS levels acids. Conclusion: Our findings suggest elevated is related metabolomic consistent enlarged fat globule membranes altered acid metabolism. Further, study supports theory share mammary epithelial membrane transport mechanisms acids associate markers reduced production.

Language: Английский

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РОЛЬ ДИЕТЫ В РАЗВИТИИ И ЛЕЧЕНИИ РЕВМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ

Children s medicine of the North-West, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 99 - 117

Published: Dec. 3, 2024

В современной отечественной научной литературе имеется достаточно большое количество публикаций, посвященных роли диеты в развитии и течении как ревматических заболеваний у взрослых, так различных хронических детей. При этом вопросы диетотерапии детей современных русскоязычных научных публикациях практически не обсуждаются. Единственная русскоязычная научная статья, посвященная ювенильных артритов, была опубликована более 20 лет назад. настоящей статье представлен обзор зарубежных лечении детей, а именно ювенильного идиопатического артрита, ювенильной системной красной волчанки, дерматомиозита, IgA-васкулита, болезни Кавасаки семейной средиземноморской лихорадки. Большинство исследований было проведено с участием пациентов, страдающих ювенильным идиопатическим артритом, касались безглютеновой, низкокалорийной кетогенной, специфической углеводной диеты, кишечной микробиоты энтерального питания его лечении, оценки нутритивного статуса при ювенильном идиопатическом артрите, влияния пищевого поведения родителей, матери во время беременности ребенка на первом году жизни риски развития артрита. There is a fairly large number of publications in the modern Russian scientific literature on role diet development and course both rheumatic diseases adults various chronic children. At same time, issues therapy children are practically not discussed Russian-language publications. The only article devoted to juvenile arthritis was published more than years ago. review foreign treatment children, namely idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, IgA vasculitis, Kawasaki disease familial Mediterranean fever, presented. Most studies were conducted with patients suffering from concerned gluten-free, low-calorie ketogenic, specific carbohydrate diets, intestinal microbiota enteral nutrition its treatment, assessment nutritional status influence parental eating behavior, maternal during pregnancy child first year life risks developing arthritis.

Language: Русский

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