Elucidating the size distribution of p‑Phenylenediamine-Derived quinones in atmospheric particles

Environment International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 109329 - 109329

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Transformed from p-phenylenediamines (PPDs) antioxidant, PPD-derived quinones (PPD-Qs) have recently been recognized as emerging contaminants due to their potential negative impacts on the environment and human health. While there measurements of airborne PPD-Qs, size distribution PPD-Qs impact particle PPD transformation chemistry remain largely unknown. Here, through atmospheric particles in three megacities China (Beijing, Xi'an, Hefei), we find that are widely distributed these cities. Further analysis size-fractioned Hefei indicates 48 % reside coarse particles. Given previous studies mainly focus measurement fine particles, previously reported PPD-Q concentrations corresponding exposure dosages likely be significantly underestimated. Furthermore, ratio concentration (PPD-Q/PPD) for with range 0.056 - 0.1 μm is up 3 times higher than 10 18 μm, highlighting key role determining oxidation reactivity PPDs. Model simulations reveal a size-dependent pattern estimated particulate body. In addition, also demonstrate can induce formation cellular reactive oxygen species, suggesting they may pose risks Overall, our results emphasize importance considering effect when evaluating reaction risk PPD-Qs.

Language: Английский

Interpretable Machine Learning-Based Insights into Early-Life Endocrine Disruptor Exposure and Small Vulnerable Newborns

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 138067 - 138067

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Environmental occurrence, fate, human exposure, and human health risks of p-phenylenediamines and their quinones

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 957, P. 177742 - 177742

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Language: Английский