Perspectives on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and the Cyberbiosecurity of Freshwater Systems DOI Creative Commons
David G. Schmale, Andrew P. Ault, Walid Saad

et al.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 4, 2019

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been observed in all 50 states the U.S., ranging from large freshwater lakes, such as Great Lakes, to smaller inland rivers, and reservoirs, well marine coastal areas estuaries. In 2014, a HAB on Lake Erie containing microcystin (a liver toxin) contaminated municipal water supply Toledo, Ohio, providing non-potable 400,000 people. Studying HABs is complicated different cyanobacteria produce range of toxins that impact human health, microcystins, saxitoxin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin. may be increasing prevalence with rising temperatures higher nutrient runoff. Consequently, new tools technology are needed rapidly detect, characterize, respond threaten our security. A framework understand cyber threats existing technologies monitor forecast quality. To properly assess, mitigate security infrastructure, it necessary envision perspective cyber-physical system (CPS). doing so, we can evaluate risks research needs for attacks HAB-monitoring networks including data injection attacks, automated hijacking node forgery learning algorithms. Herein, provide perspectives both posed by coupled context HABs.

Language: Английский

Spatiotemporal Variation Assessment and Improved Prediction Of Cyanobacteria Blooms in Lakes Using Improved Machine Learning Model Based on Multivariate Data DOI Creative Commons
Yue Zhang, Jun Hou, Yuwei Gu

et al.

Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Guarding Drinking Water Safety against Harmful Algal Blooms: Could UV/Cl2 Treatment Be the Answer? DOI
Minghao Kong,

Evangelia Anna Passa,

Toby Sanan

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Frequent and severe occurrences of harmful algal blooms increasingly threaten human health by the release microcystins (MCs). Urgent attention is directed toward managing MCs, as evidenced rising HAB-related do not drink/do boil advisories due to unsafe MC levels in drinking water. UV/chlorine treatment, which UV light applied simultaneously with chlorine, showed early promise for effectively degrading MC-LR values below World Health Organization's guideline limits. Still, much unknown regarding potential disinfection byproduct formation associated toxicity, can occur from reaction chlorine other reactive species MCs natural organic matter. To ensure guarding water consumption, degradation detoxification four most problematic variants, namely, MC-LR, -RR, -YR, -LA, differ amino acid substituents, were evaluated using compared results chlorination. Overall, enhanced kinetics generated less halogenated byproducts target analysis 11 types DBPs_C1-3 7 classes, total nontarget revealing 35 higher molecular weight DBPs_C46-52, maintained structures. Reactivity cytotoxicity changes varied based on individual moieties within cyclic heptapeptide structure common all MCs. Analogous trends reactivity observed mixed competition reactions, aligning structure-reactivity. Cytotoxicity indicated no significant unintended toxic consequences MC_DBPs. Our suggest that treatment offers an efficient strategy treating

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Bioaerosol Characterization with Vibrational Spectroscopy: Overcoming Fluorescence with Photothermal Infrared (PTIR) Spectroscopy DOI
Jia H. Shi,

Carlie J. Poworoznek,

Rebecca L. Parham

et al.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Aerosols containing biological material (i.e., bioaerosols) impact public health by transporting toxins, allergens, and diseases the climate nucleating ice crystals cloud droplets. Single particle characterization of primary aerosol particles (PBAPs) is essential, as individual physicochemical properties determine their impacts. Vibrational spectroscopies, such infrared (IR) or Raman spectroscopy, provide detailed information about components within atmospheric aerosols but these techniques have traditionally been limited due to diffraction limit IR radiation (particles >10 μm) fluorescence bioaerosol overwhelming signal. Herein, we use photothermal spectroscopy (PTIR) overcome limitations characterize PBAPs down 0.18 μm. Both optical-PTIR (O-PTIR) atomic force microscopy-PTIR (AFM-PTIR) were used generated from a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (cHAB) dominated Planktothrix agardhii. PTIR spectra contained modes consistent with traditional Fourier transform (FTIR) for species, including amide I (1630-1700 cm-1) II (1530-1560 cm-1). The fractions materials greater in supermicron (1.8-3.2 than submicron (0.18-0.32 0.56-1.0 aerosolized cHAB water. These results demonstrate potential both O-PTIR AFM-PTIR studying range bioaerosols vibrational spectroscopy.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Seasonal Gene Expression and the Ecophysiological Implications of Toxic Microcystis aeruginosa Blooms in Lake Taihu DOI
Xiangming Tang, Lauren E. Krausfeldt, Keqiang Shao

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(19), P. 11049 - 11059

Published: Aug. 31, 2018

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms represent an increasing threat to freshwater resources globally. Despite increased research, the physiological basis of how dominant bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis spp., proliferate and then maintain high population densities through changing environmental conditions is poorly understood. In this study, we examined transcriptional profiles microbial community in Lake Taihu, China at 9 stations sampled monthly from June October 2014. To target populations, collected metatranscriptomic data mapped reads M. aeruginosa NIES 843 genome. Our results revealed significant temporal gene expression patterns, with many genes separating into either early or late bloom clusters. About one-third observed were differentially expressed between these two Conductivity nutrient availability appeared be factors most strongly associated shifts. Compared season (June July), involved N P transport, energy metabolism, translation, amino acid biosynthesis down-regulated during later (August October). parallel, regulatory functions as well transposases production microcystin extracellular polysaccharides up-regulated season. observation indicates eco-physiological shift occurs within spp. transcriptome cells move rapid growth summer maintenance autumn.

Language: Английский

Citations

82
Perspectives on Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and the Cyberbiosecurity of Freshwater Systems DOI Creative Commons
David G. Schmale, Andrew P. Ault, Walid Saad

et al.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: June 4, 2019

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) have been observed in all 50 states the U.S., ranging from large freshwater lakes, such as Great Lakes, to smaller inland rivers, and reservoirs, well marine coastal areas estuaries. In 2014, a HAB on Lake Erie containing microcystin (a liver toxin) contaminated municipal water supply Toledo, Ohio, providing non-potable 400,000 people. Studying HABs is complicated different cyanobacteria produce range of toxins that impact human health, microcystins, saxitoxin, anatoxin-a, cylindrospermopsin. may be increasing prevalence with rising temperatures higher nutrient runoff. Consequently, new tools technology are needed rapidly detect, characterize, respond threaten our security. A framework understand cyber threats existing technologies monitor forecast quality. To properly assess, mitigate security infrastructure, it necessary envision perspective cyber-physical system (CPS). doing so, we can evaluate risks research needs for attacks HAB-monitoring networks including data injection attacks, automated hijacking node forgery learning algorithms. Herein, provide perspectives both posed by coupled context HABs.

Language: Английский

Citations

75