Gridded 1 km × 1 km emission inventory for paddy stubble burning emissions over north-west India constrained by measured emission factors of 77 VOCs and district-wise crop yield data

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 789, P. 148064 - 148064

Published: May 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Life Cycle Assessment of Using Firewood and Wood Pellets in Slovenia as Two Primary Wood-Based Heating Systems and Their Environmental Impact

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 1687 - 1687

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Sustainable use of biomass energy sources can reduce dependency on fossil fuels. Wood is the primary source for heating in Slovenia, with firewood and wood pellets having highest share. Slovenia’s largest consumers fuels are households primarily using from their forests or imported pellets. This research used a life cycle assessment to analyze evaluate environmental impacts household Slovenia first time. The results showed that logs have considerably greater effect stratospheric ozone depletion, formation, fine particulate matter (PM) formation. impact global warming was lower due short transportation distances log boilers high combustion efficiency (0.016 0.041 kg CO2 eq pellet combustion, respectively). An increase distance 100 km 1000 resulted an 84.9% values categories formation human health, 120.4% resource scarcity, 102.4% warming, supporting premise distribution routes necessary more sustainable source.

Language: Английский

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Increased secondary aerosol contribution and possible processing on polluted winter days in China

Environment International, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 78 - 84

Published: March 22, 2019

China experiences severe particulate pollution, especially in winter, and determining the characteristics of matter (PM) during pollution events is imperative for understanding sources causes pollution. However, inconsistencies have been found aerosol composition, secondary processing among reported studies. Modern meta-analysis was used to probe PM chemical winter at four representative regions China, first finding that formation major effect factor The inorganic species behaved differently regions: sulfate, nitrate, ammonium increased Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Guanzhong (GZ) areas, but only nitrate Pearl River Delta (PRD) Yangtze (YRD) regions. production organic (SOA) probably caused by aqueous-phase GZ BTH photochemical reactions PRD. Finally, we suggest future AMS/ACSM observations should focus on rural areas China.

Language: Английский

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Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Reaction of 3-Methylfuran with Nitrate Radicals

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 922 - 934

Published: April 23, 2019

A significant amount of furan species is emitted from biomass burning. They are highly reactive to hydroxyl (OH) and nitrate radicals (NO3), which can lead the formation secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Here, we investigate gas-phase oxidation SOA 3-methylfuran (C5H6O) via NO3 reaction. Experiments performed under dry conditions (RH < 5%) with different initial concentrations (from 95.9 562.8 ppb). We demonstrate that this reaction leads formation, yield ranging 1.6 2.4% for mass loading 5.1 45 μg/m3. More than half generated after complete depletion 3-methylfuran, highlighting importance higher-generation or multiphase reactions formation. Particle-phase nitrates contribute 39.4% organics their average volatility (average C* = 10–2.9 μg/m3) higher non-nitrate compounds 10–3.3 μg/m3). mechanism proposed based on identified products, C5H5NO5 C5H6O3 determined be major in gas particle phases, respectively. Oligomer appears determine composition rate, both ROOR′ RO2 + (acylperoxy radical) particle-phase accretion dimeric (C10) observed. Results study provide detailed chemistry improve our understanding its impact ozone nighttime burning plumes.

Language: Английский

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Emission of volatile organic compounds from residential biomass burning and their rapid chemical transformations

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 903, P. 166592 - 166592

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Biomass combustion releases a complex array of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that pose significant challenges to air quality and human health. Although biomass burning has been extensively studied at ecosystem levels, understanding the atmospheric transformation impact on emissions in urban environments remains challenging due sources materials. In this study, we investigate VOC emission rates chemical processing predominantly wood small centre Greece. Ioannina is situated valley within Dinaric Alps experiences intense pollution accumulation during winter its topography high activity. During event days, ambient mixing ratios key species were found be similar those reported for major centres worldwide. Positive matrix factorisation (PMF) analysis revealed was dominant source (>50 %), representing two thirds OH reactivity, which indicates highly reactive mixture. Calculated reactivity ranges from 5 s-1 an unprecedented 278 s-1, averages 93 ± 66 9 PM, indicating presence exceptionally VOCs. The pronounced photochemical formation organic acids coincided with ozone, highlighting significance secondary pollutants poorly ventilated areas. Our findings underscore pressing need transition environmentally friendly energy areas, order improve safeguard public

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Secondary Organic Aerosols

Chemical Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(7), P. 1146 - 1161

Published: June 23, 2022

Air pollution represents a major health problem and an economic burden. In recent years, advances in air research has allowed particle fractionation identification of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). SOA is formed from either biogenic or anthropogenic emissions, through mass transfer the gaseous to particulate phase atmosphere. They can have deleterious impact on mortality individuals with chronic inflammatory diseases. The pleiotropic effects could involve different interconnected pathogenic mechanisms ranging oxidative stress, inflammation, immune system dysfunction. purpose this review present findings about roles potential underlying focusing lungs; latter being primary exposed organ atmospheric pollutants.

Language: Английский

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Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during paddy-residue burning season in north-west India reveals large pool of photochemically formed air toxics

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 338, P. 122656 - 122656

Published: Oct. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Simulation of SOA formation from the photooxidation of monoalkylbenzenes in the presence of aqueous aerosols containing electrolytes under various NO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; levels

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 5719 - 5735

Published: April 30, 2019

Abstract. The formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from the photooxidation three monoalkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, and n-propylbenzene) in presence inorganic seeds (SO42-–NH4+–H2O system) under varying NOx levels has been simulated using Unified Partitioning Aerosol Phase Reaction (UNIPAR) model. evolution volatility–reactivity distribution (mass-based stoichiometric coefficient, αi) oxygenated products, which were created by near-explicit gas kinetic mechanism, was integrated with model parameters linked to concentrations HO2 RO2 radicals. This dynamic used estimate related thermodynamic constants products multiple phases (e.g., phase, phase) reaction rate aerosol phase. SOA mass predicted through partitioning chemistry processes both phase aqueous solution containing electrolytes, assumption organic–inorganic separation. prediction time series (12 h), against data obtained an outdoor photochemical smog chamber, improved αi set compared fixed set. Overall, effect electrolytes on yields more important than that level our conditions or utilization age-driven Regardless conditions, for aromatics significantly higher wet electrolytic those dry no seed. When increasing level, fraction matter (OM) produced reactions total OM increased due relatively volatile nitrates peroxyacyl-nitrate-like products. as alkyl chain length but via aerosol-phase decreased activity coefficient compounds longer chains. lower mass-based yield seen alkyl-substituted benzene absence inorganic-seeded aerosols. However, difference mole-based becomes small because highly reactive species (i.e., glyoxal) mainly originates ring opening without side chain. UNIPAR conversion hydrophilic, acidic sulfur non-electrolytic dialkyl organosulfate (diOS) aerosol. Thus, impact diOS hygroscopicity acidity, subsequently influenced growth reactions.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of Mining-Related Aromatic Contaminants in Active and Abandoned Metal(loid) Tailings Ponds

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(23), P. 15097 - 15107

Published: Nov. 9, 2020

This study reports on the compositional diversity of organic compounds in metal(loid)-bearing tailings samples from both active and abandoned ponds. Tailings were qualitatively analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). In addition, priority PAHs (16), PAEs (6), phenols (2) quantitatively using chromatography–mass (GC-MS). We attribute presence some aromatic organics studied ponds to particular sources. Mineral floatation reagents are likely major sources small-ring aromatics ponds, products metallurgical processing burning fossil fuels mining area or further afield also possible contributors might be main source large-ring aromatics. found that for decades can still have concentrations at levels concern. Large-ring generally more toxic than other contaminants, these abundant suggests do not readily decompose biodegrade into less byproducts, as volatiles many compounds. Our contaminants database provides an important starting point researchers investigate compare similar present emphasizes necessity considering their transformations over time.

Language: Английский

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Aging of Volatile Organic Compounds in October 2017 Northern California Wildfire Plumes

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 1557 - 1567

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

In the western United States, number and severity of large wildfires have been growing for decades. Biomass burning (BB) is a major source volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to atmosphere both globally regionally. Following emission, BB VOCs are oxidized while being transported downwind, producing ozone, secondary aerosols, hazardous VOCs. this research, we measured using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) in an urban area 55–65 km downwind October 2017 Northern California wildfires. Nonaromatic oxygenated were dominant component measured. smoke plumes, account 70–75% total observed carbon, with remainder particulate matter (with diameter <2.5 μm, PM2.5). We show that correlation furan (primary VOC) maleic anhydride (secondary can indicate origin This was further confirmed by diurnal variations their concentration-weighted trajectories. Oxidation during transport consumed highly reactive including benzenoids, furanoids, terpenoids produced more Furthermore, wildfire altered ozone formation regime raised O3 levels San Francisco Bay Area.

Language: Английский

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