Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 17, 2022
Microorganisms
function
as
open
systems
that
exchange
matter
and
energy
with
their
surrounding
environment.
Even
though
mass
(carbon
nutrients)
exchanges
are
tightly
linked,
there
is
a
lack
of
integrated
approaches
combine
these
fluxes
explore
how
they
jointly
impact
microbial
growth.
Such
links
essential
to
predicting
the
growth
rate
microorganisms
varies,
especially
when
stoichiometry
carbon-
(C)
nitrogen
(N)-uptake
not
balanced.
Here,
we
present
theoretical
framework
quantify
for
conditions
C-,
N-,
energy-(co-)
limitations.
We
use
this
show
C:N
ratio
degree
reduction
organic
(OM),
which
also
electron
donor,
availability
acceptors
(EAs),
different
sources
N
together
control
under
C,
nutrient,
energy-limited
conditions.
peaks
at
intermediate
values
OM
oxic
C-limited
conditions,
but
N-limited
Under
N-poor
OM,
higher
inorganic
(NInorg)-source
ammonium
compared
nitrate
due
additional
energetic
cost
involved
in
reduction.
anoxic
both
EA
NInorg-source,
rates
denitrifiers
microbes
performing
dissimilatory
ammonia
(DNRA)
determined
by
nitrate-availability.
Consistent
data,
DNRA
predicted
foster
extreme
nitrate-limitation
reduced
whereas
favored
becomes
more
available
presence
oxidized
OM.
Furthermore,
catabolism
coupled
low
yielding
EAs
(e.g.,
sulfate)
because
carbon
efficiency
(CUE).
However,
CUE
decreases
nutrient
demand
growth,
thereby
reducing
N-limitation.
conclude
bioenergetics
provides
useful
conceptual
explaining
metabolisms
multiple
resource-limitations.
Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
125(8)
Published: June 11, 2020
Abstract
Lake
227
of
the
Experimental
Lakes
Area
(ELA)
in
Ontario,
Canada,
has
been
fertilized
with
phosphorus
(P)
since
1969,
which
resulted
a
rapid
transition
from
oligotrophic
to
eutrophic
conditions.
Sediment
cores
collected
oxygenated
epilimnion,
and
mostly
anoxic
hypolimnion
this
unique
lake
contain
historical
record
changes
sediment
P
speciation
burial
rates
across
trophic
transition.
To
elucidate
these
changes,
results
chemical
extractions
were
combined
210
Pb
dating,
31
NMR,
Mössbauer,
XANES
spectroscopies.
Prior
organic
(P
Org
)
was
major
sedimentary
sink
227.
Eutrophication
coincided
marked
increases
rate
total
(TP),
as
well
relative
contribution
NaHCO
3
‐extractable
pool
(humic‐bound
P,
Hum
).
Together,
account
for
≥70%
sediments
deposited
artificial
fertilization
started.
The
fraction
likely
comprises
phosphate
complexes
humic
substances.
strong
linear
correlation
between
iron
(Fe)
extracted
by
implies
close
association
two
elements
fraction.
Mössbauer
spectra
further
indicate
that
most
Fe
post‐1969
remained
(III)
oxidation
state,
is
attributed
stabilization
reducible
matter,
part
via
formation
phosphate‐Fe
(III)‐humic
complexes.
Importantly,
our
show
eutrophication
experimentation
caused
accumulation
large
reservoir
reactive
may
continue
fuel
internal
loading
water
column
once
terminated.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 17, 2022
Microorganisms
function
as
open
systems
that
exchange
matter
and
energy
with
their
surrounding
environment.
Even
though
mass
(carbon
nutrients)
exchanges
are
tightly
linked,
there
is
a
lack
of
integrated
approaches
combine
these
fluxes
explore
how
they
jointly
impact
microbial
growth.
Such
links
essential
to
predicting
the
growth
rate
microorganisms
varies,
especially
when
stoichiometry
carbon-
(C)
nitrogen
(N)-uptake
not
balanced.
Here,
we
present
theoretical
framework
quantify
for
conditions
C-,
N-,
energy-(co-)
limitations.
We
use
this
show
C:N
ratio
degree
reduction
organic
(OM),
which
also
electron
donor,
availability
acceptors
(EAs),
different
sources
N
together
control
under
C,
nutrient,
energy-limited
conditions.
peaks
at
intermediate
values
OM
oxic
C-limited
conditions,
but
N-limited
Under
N-poor
OM,
higher
inorganic
(NInorg)-source
ammonium
compared
nitrate
due
additional
energetic
cost
involved
in
reduction.
anoxic
both
EA
NInorg-source,
rates
denitrifiers
microbes
performing
dissimilatory
ammonia
(DNRA)
determined
by
nitrate-availability.
Consistent
data,
DNRA
predicted
foster
extreme
nitrate-limitation
reduced
whereas
favored
becomes
more
available
presence
oxidized
OM.
Furthermore,
catabolism
coupled
low
yielding
EAs
(e.g.,
sulfate)
because
carbon
efficiency
(CUE).
However,
CUE
decreases
nutrient
demand
growth,
thereby
reducing
N-limitation.
conclude
bioenergetics
provides
useful
conceptual
explaining
metabolisms
multiple
resource-limitations.
